【中考英語語法彙總】句子的類型
（一）句子類型概述
句子的類型一共有三種：簡單句、並列句和複合句。複合句中的賓語從句與狀語從句是中考的重要考查內容。
賓語從句考點：(1)一連詞的選擇；(2)主句與從句時態的呼應；(3)賓語從句的語序問題；(4)賓語從句和狀語從句的區分。
狀語從句考點：(1)主句與從句的時態呼應問題；(2)連接詞的選擇（注意區別幾組連接詞：while/ as/ when引導時間狀語從句；because/ since/as/for引導原因狀語從句；if/unless引導條件狀語從句；so... that/引導結果狀語從句等。
（二）基礎知識梳理
1．簡單句
只包含一個主謂結構的句子叫簡單句。如：
Neither Bruce nor Susan can speak French.
Mother bought a new schoolbag for me at the beginning of this term.
2．並列句
由兩個或兩個以上並列而又相互獨立的簡單句構成。兩個簡單句常由並列連詞連在一起。常見的並列連詞有and，but，or，so，for等。如：
Go straight on and you will find a toilet.
I would like to go with you, but I can't.
Hurry or you will be late.
She practices every day, so she plays the piano very well.
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.
3．複合句
由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構成的句子叫複合句。主句是句子的主體，從句是句子的一個成分，不能獨立使用。下面總結一下初中階段的主要從句。
1)賓語從句
賓語從句在複合句中作主句的賓語。引導賓語從句的連接詞有以下幾種形式：
(1)由that引導，只起連接作用，不充當句子成分，沒有實際意義，可以省略。如：
We know (that) there are two kinds of sports.
He decided (that) he was not going to say anything about it
(2)由whether或if（是否）引導，只起連接作用，不充當句子成分，但不能省略。如：
No one knows whether/if they have decided on the date of the meeting.
(3)由連接代詞who，whom，what，which，whose和連接副詞when，where，why,how等引導的賓語從句，這些連接詞除了起連接主句和從句的作用外，還可在句中充當某個成分，不能省略。如：
Could you tell me how I can get to the nearest subway station?
She told me what she had seen in the museum.
(4) 由it作形式賓語的從句。如：
I think it necessary that everybody should try his best to help fight pollution.
(5) 由形容詞sorry, afraid, sure, glad等引出的賓語從句。如：
We were surprised that Peter was the first to come.
I am sure that you will be a success in the future.
2)狀語從句
在複合句中作狀語的句子叫狀語從句。常用狀語從句有以下幾種類型：
(1)由when, while, as, since, until, as soon as等連詞引導的時間狀語從句。如：
It's more than ten years since they came to Shanghai.
Please send me an E-mail as soon as you arrive in Switzerland.
(2)由if，unless等詞引導的條件狀語從句。如：
We shall go for a picnic if it doesn't rain tomorrow.
I won't buy the dress unless it fits me well.
(3) 由because, since, as, now that等詞引導的原因狀語從句。如：
He asked for leave because he had to see the dentist.
Now that everyone is here, shall we begin our discussion?
(4)由though/although引導的讓步狀語從句。如：
Although it was very late, he went on working.
(5)由so that, in order that引導的目的狀語從句。如：
He ran as fast as he could so that the people in Athens could learn the news earlier.
(6)由so... that, such... that等詞引導的結果狀語從句。如：
He ran so quickly that we couldn't keep up with him.
The bus broke down, so we had to walk to the cinema.
English is such a useful language that it is spoken in many countries.
(7) 比較狀語從句。常用的句型有as... as與more than結構。（參見形容詞、副詞一章）
3)定語從句
在複合句中作定語的從句稱爲定語從句。定語從句一般直接跟在被修飾的名詞之後。被修飾的名詞稱爲“先行詞”。定語從句一般由關係代詞who, whom, that, which引導，它位於先行詞與定語從句之間，本身又在定語從句中充當某個成分。如：
The boy who/that is reading under the tree is my elder brother.
先行詞 關係代詞作主語
The present which/that you gave me for my birthday is very nice.
先行詞 關係代詞作賓語
(1) who和whom指人，who在從句中作主語，不能省略。而whom在從句中作賓語，一般可以省略。如：
The woman who will give us a talk tomorrow is a famous professor.
Do you know the girl (whom) we met outside the school gate?
(2) which指物，在定語從句中可以作主語或賓語。作賓語時可以省略。如：
The story which tells about three monkeys is very interesting.
The magazine (which) I borrowed from the library was newly published.
(3) that指人或物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。作賓語時可以省略。如：
The pictures that hang on the back wall were all painted by her.
The restaurants (that) they have set up are welcomed by children.
(4)如果先行詞被序數詞、形容詞最高級、不定代詞all, everything, nothing等以及only修飾時，關係代詞必須用that。如：
All that we need is fresh water.
I'll never forget the first job that I found.
Judy is the most honest girl that I have ever seen.
