年3月高級口譯聽力真題完整版（含評析）
Part A: Spot Dictation
Directions：In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blank with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.
Listening is one of the first things we learn to do and one of the things we do most. The average person spends 9% of their daily communication time writing, 16% reading, 30 % speaking, and 40% listening. Students spend most of their school time listening, up to 60% according to some studies. Yet despite its importance, we usually take our ability to listen for granted. As we have already said, though, listening isn’t easy. The fact is we have different listening styles for different occasions. How successful we are as listeners may depend in part on choosing the right listening style for the situation. Perhaps the most basic listening style is appreciative listening. We listen appreciative when we enjoy music, a birds’ song or the murmur of a book. We need a different style, one called discriminative listening. When we want to single out one particular sound from a noisy environment, you discriminate, for example, when you listen for a friend’s voice in a crowded room. We use a third style of listening: comprehensive listening, when we want to understand. When we listen to directions or instructions, we are using this style. The forth learning style is more complex, therapeutic listening. The style practice by counselors, psychiatrists, and good friends encourages people to talk freely without fear of embarrassment. Friends act as our sounding boards, when we just want someone to listen. The therapeutic listener in conversation with a troubled friend accepts what he said tries hard to understand. And above all, makes no judgment. The fifth style, critical listening, is the one we will examine most closely. Critical listeners are the most active of all listeners. Because they are working hard to decide whether what someone else says make sense. Critical listeners evaluate what they hear and decide if another person’s message is logical, worthwhile or has value. We need to be critical listeners, when someone wants us to buy some things, vote a certain way, or support a particular idea. We also need to be critical listeners in school, where listening and thinking are almost synonymous.
評析：
本篇文章是關於聽的能力的分類介紹，題材爲生活科普。主要介紹了五種不同的聽的方式，並舉例說明了這些方式是如何在不同條件下使用。文章難度屬於中等，說明性文章，有明確的邏輯條理，通過中間的邏輯連接詞，如the first, the third, the forth, the fifth…; for example等詞，較易抓聽關鍵信息。但文中有部分詞彙，可能仍會對考生造成困擾：如appreciative, discriminative，psychiatrist，therapeutic等。建議考生平時注意對與生活息息相關的科普文進行關注。Listening Comprehension 1
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.
Man: Do you know the name the American flag was once called?
Woman: Didn’t some people used to call it the Star - Spangled Banner, like national anthem?
Man: You’re right.
Woman: I’ve heard it referred to as old glory.
Man: Also correct. The most popular name is the stars and stripes, based on its design. At the start of the revolutionary war in 1775, the American flag had a British flag in the upper left corner. But after the declaration of independence in 1777, the British flag was no longer appropriate as part of the American flag. On June, 4th, 1777, the Continental of Congress resolved that the flag of the United States be 13 stripes, alternating red and white, with 13 white stars in a blue field. But there was no official arrangement for the stars.
Woman: Is that the flag Betsey Ross made?
Man: In 1890, William Canby, claimed that his grandmother Betsey Ross, a Philadelphia seamstress had made the first United States flag. Although she made flags during the revolutionary war, most historians, myself included, do not support this claim.
Woman: I have a question. Why did the 1775 flag incorporated the British flag if the colonists were already fighting for independence.
Man: Actually, the colonists did not at first seek for independence. So the Union Jack, another name for the British flag remained in the American flag because there was still a connection to England. By 1794, two new states joined the union. Congress decided to add two stars and two stripes to the flag. It ordered a fifteen-stripe flag used after May 1st, 1795.
Woman: But doesn’t our flag today have only 13 stripes?
Man: Exactly. As more states came into the union, Congress realized that a new star and a new stripe for each state would make the flag too cluttered. Samuel Chesteraid, a navy captain, proposed a flag of 13 stripes, one for each of the original colonies, and a star for each state. Congress accepted the idea, on April 4th, 1818. It sets the number of stripes at 13 again. It ordered a new star to be added to the flag on the July 4th after a state joined the union.
Q1: There have been several names the American flag was once called, which of the following is not one of these names?
Q2: What is the most popular name of the American flag according to the man?
Q3: How many stripes and stars were there on the American flag when the flag was first made?
Q4. Who proposed a stripe for each of the original colonies and a star for each state?
Q5: Which of the following statements is true, according to the conversation?
Listening Comprehension 2
Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following news.
Washington, USA.
In recent years, food shortages have led to price rises and unrest in many import-dependent countries, including many in the Africa. In the 2009 G-8 summit in Italy, major industrial countries promised more than $20billion over three years to improve food access to Africans and others hit by high prices. This latest summit, which begins later on Friday, is due to discuss the issue. However, its main focus will be continuing concerns that the euro zone debt crisis could trigger a global slump. On Thursday, confidence in European banks was undermined by ratings agency Moody’s, which cut the credit ratings of 16 Spanish banks. Mr. Obama has urged European leaders to do more to stimulate growth, fearing the euro crisis could spread to the US.
Jerusalem, Israel.
The U.S. has plans in place to attack Iran if other measures fail to stop it developing nuclear weapons, Washington’s envoy to Iran says. He said the U.S. hoped diplomacy and sanctions would persuade Iran to alter its nuclear program, but the military option was ready. US President Obama has previously said military action has not been ruled out. The US and its allies say Iran is developing a nuclear bomb, and an accusation Tehran desires. Talks between Iran and six world powers are due to resume in Baghdad on 23 May. Both Israel and the US have said they consider military force a last resort to stop Iran using its uranium enrichment program to make a weapon.
Helsinki, Finland
Nokia Company is tiring through its cash reserves at an unsustainable rate. Raising what some analysts say, are serious questions about the struggling finish phone maker’s ability to stabilize its finances in a month ahead. The company could even be at risk of default if it fails to slow the burning of its cash. Over the past five quarters, the onetime darling of mobile telecoms has eroded its cash pile by 2.1 billion Euros - a rate that would wipe out its entire 4.9 billion Euros reserves in a couple years. Analysts on average expect the company will burn through almost 2 billion Euros more in just three quarters, while the most bearish see the company wiping out its 4.9 billion Euros net cash buffer completely next year.
Brasilia, Brazil
Electricity prices are the biggest component of the so-called Brazil cost, the mix of taxes, high interest rates, labor costs, infrastructure bottlenecks and other issues that have caused the economy to become less competitive. After a decade of strong performance, Brazil grew below the Latin American average in 2011 and so far this year. Brazil's average electricity cost of $180 per megawatt hour is exceeded only by Italy and Slovakia, according to a 2011 study based on data from the International Energy Agency.
High electricity rates have contributed to stagnant investment and production in energy-intensive industries. Electricity accounts for 35 percent and in the same proportion of the car industry's production costs.
Beirut, Syria
At least 21 people were killed on Tuesday in an attack in northern Syria; a member of team of U.N. monitors caught in the incident said they were in rebel hands "for their own protection." When Reuters asked one of the four monitors by phone if they were being held prisoner, he said: "We are safe with the rebel Free Army." A spokesman for the rebel military council said the rebels were working on a safe exit for the monitors. An internal U.N. document obtained by Reuters said that a total of six monitors were under rebel "protection" in a "friendly environment." The internal U.N. document confirmed the U.N. team in Syria will conduct a petrol to pick up the men in U.N. military observers on Wednesday.
Q6: What will be the main focus of the latest G8 summit due Friday?
Q7: What does the US envoy to Israel say about the issue of Iran’s nuclear program?
Q8. How much is Nokia company’s total cash reserves in Euros?
Q9. The so-called Brazil cost has made the economy less competitive, which of the following are the biggest component of the Brazil cost?
Q10. According to an internal U.N. document, how many U.N. military monitors were in the hands of the Syrian rebels?
Listening comprehension 3
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview.
W: Governor, I appreciate your taking the time to meet with me.
M: My pleasure.
W: The Employee Monitoring Law has received a great deal of media attention recently. However, many Illinois citizens are still very confused. What exactly does the new law allow?
M: The new law permits employers to listen in on their workers’ phone conversations. The law permits any listening that serves educational, training or research purposes. It allows for both computer and phone monitoring.
W: How does this law come about?
M: Well, it was originally conceived by the telemarketing industry. This industry, which uses the telephone to sell its products in services, needed a way to monitor its employees’ sales performance. The retail industry is also a big proponent of the law. Recently, I spoke with the president of the Illinois Retail Merchants Association. He told me the law is helping to make sure that Mrs. Smith gets the red dress in size 6 rather than size 16, which may have been entered into the computer by mistake.
W: So in other words, the law is meant to monitor the quality of customer service course.
M: Yes, for courtesy, efficiency and overall service.
W: Well then, why all the opposition? I heard that many groups, from unions to trade associations, are clearly furious about this law.
M: Yes, I know. Our office has been flooded with calls and letters. The problem is, the law does not specify whether or not employers must tell employees each time they are being monitored or just issue a one-time blanket warning. Also, only one person must agree to the monitoring, but the law does not state who must agree, the employee or the supervisor. The scope of the law is so broad that some people find it frightening.
W: Yes, it sounds like there are many unanswered questions. I appreciate your speaking with me, Governor. Thank you very much.
M: You’re welcome.
11. Who is being interviewed by the woman journalist?
12. They are talking about a law. What is the law about?
13. By which of the following was the law originally conceived?
14. What purpose is the law meant to serve?
15. Why are so many people opposed oppose to the law?
【解析】
本篇對話爲一位女記者對伊利諾伊州州長的採訪，詢問關於該州新推出的《員工監控法案》（Employee Monitoring Law）,問題涉及該法案適用範圍、目的，以及因此引發的反對和質疑，總體難度適中。問題設置比較常規，聽懂對話大意就基本能夠解決。唯一一道細節題問道該法案最初使用的領域，要求考生聽懂“電話營銷”（telemarketing industry）一詞。不過說話人在提出這一概念後立即用一個例子進行解釋，可以幫助考生理解。
Listening Comprehension 4
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk.
As long as there has been crime, there have been ways to solve it. One of the oldest methods is interrogation, a method in which the police question people who might have committed the crime or who might have information about the crime. Interrogation can help the police to establish many basic facts, but modern techniques for solving crime include more complex scientific methods.
Let me talk first about a system often called “crime hotlines”. In some cases, where law enforcement personnel have difficulty finding a criminal, they turn to private citizens for help in solving a crime. This system allows people to make a phone call or access a website and give information to the police anonymously. This can often be effective when people are afraid to give information in public. Sometimes, a family member may have committed the crime, and another family member finally decides to call the police and give the information they have.
Second, fingerprinting. Each person’s finger print is unique. The ancient Chinese used finger prints to sign legal papers. What better way to identify an individual? Yet, it was only in the late 19th century that finger prints were first used to identify criminals. A variety of scientific techniques make it possible for finger prints to be lifted from most surfaces. Then, they can be compared to finger prints the police have on file.
A relatively new technique that crime-fighters are now using is called “psychological profiling”. Criminal psychologists look at the crime and the way it was committed. Based on this information, they try to understand the personality and motivation of the person who committed the crime. Then they can focus their search on people who match this profile.
In some cases, private citizens are finding ways to solve crimes as well. With a little knowledge of electronics, anyone can put hidden cameras in a home or office. In the 1990s as an example, there were some cases where nannies were accused of abusing the children they were paid to care for. Hidden cameras were used to prove the nanny’s guilt. However, the technique is controversial because it involves issues of privacy.
Finally, let me discuss DNA. Of the most recent crime-solving techniques used, DNA is proving very effective. Each person, with the exception of identical siblings, has a unique DNA coding system. So, if criminals leave anything that can be tested at the scene of the crime, such as blood or hair, they can be identified. DNA was used to solve a crime for the first time in England in 1987. Since that time, it has become widely used, and it’s considered 99% accurate. DNA testing can also be used to prove that a person is innocent. Many prisoners have been released because that DNA evidence proves that they did not commit the crime of which they were convicted.
16. When did people start to use finger printing to identify criminals?
17. In using psychological profiling to find a criminal, people have to match several factors. Which of the following is not one of these factors?
18. Which is one of the oldest methods use to solve crime according to the talk?
19. Why is the use of hidden cameras in solving a crime controversial?
20. Which of the following statements is true about DNA as a crime-solving technique?
【解析】
本段講座介紹刑事案件偵破（crime-solving）的方法，包括傳統的訊問（interrogation）、舉報熱線（crime hotlines）、指紋鑑定（finger printing），以及相對較新的方法，包括心理檔案法（psychological profiling）、攝像頭監控、DNA鑑定等。
問題設置考察考生的細節理解，如時間點、幫助破案的具體因素等。文中出現個別與刑偵犯罪相關的詞彙，如interrogation、commit、convict等，但上下文可以幫助理解。Note Taking and Gap Filling
Why should mankind explore space? Why should money, time and effort be spent in exploring, investigating and researching something with so few benefits? Why should resources be spent on space rather than on conditions and people on earth or in our own country? Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic make-up. What drove our distant ancestors to move from the trees onto the plains? Was it the lack of skills to compete in one ecological niche? If so the adaptation selected for after the move have resulted in the species expanding into all possible areas and environment，the drive to spread genetic material and ensure the success of not just the species but of one type of genetic material. The wider the distribution of a species, the better the chance of survival. Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is the built-in genetic predisposition to expand into all possible niches. Culturally nearly every successful civilization has been willing to explore. In exploring, dangers of surrounding areas may be learned and prepared for. Dangers may be political enemies in neighboring cultures, physical features of the area, a change in the area which might affect food supplies or any other number of factors. All pose a real danger and all may be made less dangerous if certain preparations are made. Without knowledge, the danger may strike and completely destroy, with knowledge, the effects or consequences may be lessened. Exploration also allows resources to be located. Resources translate into power and success at survival. Whether the success be financial, political or genetic additional resources are always a boon when used wisely. In any of the three manners, use of resources allows a heightened percentage for survival. If the resources have no immediate need, then perhaps later the resources will be used. Resources may be more than physical assets. Knowledge or techniques acquired in exploring or preparing to explore always filter from the developers to the general populace. Techniques may be medical applications, uses for drugs or ways of living to increase the quantity of time lived or the quality of that time. Techniques may be social, allowing the people in a society to better understand those within or outside the culture. Better understanding may lead to better use of resources or a lessening of outright competition for the resources.
While many resources are spent on what seems a small return, the exploration of space allows the creative, the brave, the intelligence of our species to focus on that may serve to save us. While space may hold many wonders and explanations of how the universe was formed or how it works, it also holds dangers. The chance of a large asteroid or comet hitting he earth is small. But given time, it will happen. Several current models of evolution propose many changes in a very short time period. Some explanations for the drastic speed of extinction and evolution include strikes by asteroids or comets. Human technology is reaching the point where it might be able to detect such a threat and allow us to do something about it. The danger exists, but knowledge can allow us as a species to survive. Without the ability to reach out across space, the chance to save ourselves might not exist. While earth is the only planet known to sustain life, surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow other planets and moons to become inhabited. True the life style would be different, but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future. Our genetic make-up will allow humans to move into unoccupied niches and flourish. The culture group holding the high ground has attained a great advantage over outer groups. It can see farther, act sooner and be safer from attack. In space all of these things are true. The culture which expands is like and organism which adapts. It may be found everywhere. If one group is eliminated, the species as a whole survives. The old adage, do not put all your eggs in one basket holds true for humans and cultures. The more a culture expands, the less chance of it becoming extinct. Space allows us to expand and succeed.
解析：
文章大意：
人類爲什麼要探索外太空，在這項獲益甚少的項目上花費大量的財力物力？這可能和人類的天性有關。人來的遠古祖先從樹上來到地上，其實也是一種對領域的開拓。物種擴散的越光，存活的機率就越大。人類探索外太空也基於同樣的理由。但是探索也會有危險，所以需要有一定的準備。而探索的過程中還會涉及到資源的使用：這種資源包括有形和無形的。只有充分了解才能更好的使用資源。只有通過合理利用技術和資源，才能在災難毀滅人類前找到適合人類繼續繁衍的地方。
本篇文章主要在談論人類爲何要向外太空進發，屬於科學類文章。其中的有一些詞彙可能會對考生造成困難。例如： niche: 原意表示壁龕，在文中可以表示某個地域或空間；general populace：普通大衆；asteroid or comet：小行星或流星；inhabited：適宜居住的；adage：諺語、格言。
除此之外，本篇文章的有些句式結構也比較複雜，可能會對考生的理解上造成壓力。總體來說，對本篇文章的理解、記錄以及最後的填空有一定難度。Passage Translation
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 English passages. You will hear the passages ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening.
Passage one
In the early 1990s, some influential people said that being in single-sex classes could raise a girl’s self-esteem. Schools across the country began creating single-sex classrooms and schools but many critics claim that all female schools may actually be detrimental to a girl’ s education, because they reinforce the regressive notion of sex differences.
The renewed interest in single-sex schooling has fostered a controversy among Americans. Those who give it full endorsement believe girls need an all-female environment to take risks and find their own voices. Those who question the validity of single-sex schooling believe there is no such thing as separate but equal.
【答案】在20世紀90年代初期，一些很有影響力的人物稱，女孩子在全女生課堂學習，有助於增強她們的自信心。於是，舉國上下，各所學校都開始設立全女生課堂以及女校。但是很多批評家聲稱，全女性學校並不利於教育女生，因爲這些學校突出強調了“性別差異”這樣一個落後思想。
在今日美國，人們對單性別教育的興趣捲土重來。那些大力支持者們相信，女生們需要全女性教學環境來採取冒險行動並表達自我觀點。而那些單性別教育的質疑者們認爲，被人爲分離的男女兩性根本沒有平等可言。
Passage Two
Now I'd like to identify some key changes in our cities.
First of all, they're getting bigger and bigger. For the first time in history, there will soon be more people living in urban areas than in rural environments. In 1950, New York City was the only city with a population of 10 million. Now, in 2010, worldwide we have 38 cities with populations of over 10 million people--what we call megacities.
Cities are also getting taller because land is getting more and more expensive. We can have a tall apartment building that a thousand people can live in. Skyscrapers have become a symbol of modern cities.
【答案】今天我想爲大家指出在我們城市裏發生的一些關鍵變化。
首先，城市越變越大。很快，城市居民數就要超過鄉村居民數，這在歷史上是頭一次。在1950年，紐約是世界上唯一一個人口超過一千萬的城市。而在2010年的今天，世界範圍內我們有38個人口超千萬的城市——我們稱其爲大都市。
同時，因爲土地越來越貴，所以城市越變越高。我們高聳的公寓樓甚至能夠容納1000人。高樓大廈已經成爲現代化都市的象徵。Sentence Translation
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 English sentences. You will hear the sentences ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each sentence, translated it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Now let’s begin part B with sentence translation.
1. In high school, a good student is supposed to get a perfect score. In college, the teacher wants to challenge even the best students. Therefore, almost nobody answers every questions correctly.
在高中，一個好學生理應獲得一個優秀的分數；但是在大學，老師甚至經常會刁難最優秀的學生。所以，幾乎沒有人可以把每個問題都回答對。
2. In fact, if you go to the Continent, to France or Germany, you find that city centers have been turned into pedestrian precincts and the cars been almost banned.
事實上，如果你去歐洲大陸，比如說法國或者德國，你會發現市中心已經被變成了行人專用區，汽車幾乎都被禁止通行了。
3. People living in a town would never dream of walking. There are just too many barriers, pedestrian underpasses, broken pavements and traffic lights where you have to run like a rabbit to get across in time.
住在城市裏面的人基本不會考慮步行，因爲城市裏面有太多障礙，例如，人行隧道，破舊的人行道和交通燈，在這些地方，你不得不像一隻兔子那樣跑起來，才能及時通過。
4. Statistics show that lawyers are the most depressed of all professionals. Lawyers are always acting on behalf of someone else. Suicide is among the leading causes of premature death among lawyers.
數據表明，律師是所有職業中最壓抑的職業。律師經常需要爲別人辯護。自殺是造成律師過早死亡的首因。
5. I’m afraid we can’t reduce the price of this brand of shirt. You know, $20.15 is our rock bottom price. If you purchase more than 10,000 units, we can reduce it to $19.
恐怕我們不能降低這個品牌襯衣的價格。20.15美元已經是我們的最低價了。如果你能買1萬件以上的話，我們可以把單價降到19美元。
