黑客攻擊 俄顛覆活動傳統的體現
Speaking at the Kremlin in December 2014, Vladimir Putin explained that bears might prefer a quiet life, eating berries and honey instead of chasing piglets, but no self-respecting bear should let its enemies rip out its claws and fangs.
2014年12月在克里姆林宮講話時，弗拉基米爾•普京(Vladimir Putin)解釋稱，熊或許更喜歡安靜的生活，吃漿果和蜂蜜，而不是追逐小豬，但是，任何一頭有自尊的熊都不應任由敵人拔掉它的爪子和尖牙。
Among the bears for which the Russian president’s remarks were sure to have held singular resonance was Fancy Bear.
普京的發言肯定在一些熊中引發了獨特共鳴，花式熊(Fancy Bear)就是其中之一。
Fancy Bear is a Russian cyber-espionage group that the World Anti-Doping Agency holds responsible for hacking into its computer systems and publishing the confidential medical data of US and European athletes.
花式熊是俄羅斯一家網絡間諜團體。世界反興奮劑機構(World Anti-Doping Agency)認爲，該團體入侵了它的計算機系統並公佈了美歐運動員的保密醫療數據。
Another tech-savvy denizen of the Russian forest that likes to show its claws is Cozy Bear.
生活在俄羅斯森林中的另一頭懂技術、喜歡露出爪子的熊，是安逸熊(Cozy Bear)。
According to CrowdStrike, a California-based cyber security company, the two bears were responsible for separate attacks on Democratic National Committee servers that disrupted this year’s US presidential race.
據總部位於美國加州的網絡安全公司CrowdStrike稱，兩隻熊分別對民主黨全國委員會(DNC)的服務器實施了攻擊。這些攻擊擾亂了今年的美國總統競選。
Despite Russian government denials of involvement in these two incidents, CrowdStrike suspects that Fancy Bear is affiliated with the GRU, Russia’s military intelligence agency, and that Cozy Bear may be connected with the FSB, successor to the KGB, the Soviet spy service.
儘管俄羅斯政府否認與這兩起攻擊有關聯，但CrowdStrike懷疑，花式熊與俄羅斯軍事情報機構格魯烏(GRU)有關係，而安逸熊或許跟俄羅斯聯邦安全局（FSB，前身爲蘇聯間諜機構克格勃(KGB)）有關聯。
The two bears do not appear to co-ordinate their cyber attacks on the US and its allies.
兩隻熊似乎沒有協同對美國及其盟國發起網絡攻擊。
But the nature of their targets indicate that the bears dance to a powerful state’s tune.
但從它們所針對目標的屬性來看，這兩隻熊聽命於強大的國家。
Fancy Bear and Cozy Bear are almost certainly examples of a rich and highly distinctive tradition of Russian subversion that dates to before the first world war.
俄羅斯在顛覆活動方面有着厚重、獨特的傳統，花式熊和安逸熊幾乎可以肯定是體現了這一傳統。此傳統可追溯到第一次世界大戰之前。
This includes forged documents, false news stories planted in foreign media, front organisations and, in our times, government-backed social media trolls and fake websites.
做法包括僞造文件、安排在國外媒體上發表的假新聞、掩護性組織，在我們這個時代，還有政府支持的社交媒體釣魚和假網站。
Naturally, when it comes to hacking and related clandestine operations, other governments are no babes in the woods.
當然，當談到黑客和相關祕密行動時，其他國家的政府也並非善男信女。
For example, China and Russia tout their friendship, but Chinese hacking of Russian institutions and companies has increased this year, according to security experts in Moscow.
比如，儘管中國和俄羅斯吹噓它們之間的友誼，但莫斯科的安全專家稱，今年中國方面對俄羅斯機構和公司的黑客攻擊有所增加。
As for forgeries, a notorious 20th century case, the Zinoviev letter of 1924, had nothing to do with Soviet intelligence.
至於僞造文件，20世紀那個臭名昭著的案例——1924年的季諾維也夫信件(Zinoviev letter)——與蘇聯情報機構毫無關係。
The document purported to be a letter to the UK Communist party from Grigory Zinoviev, the Soviet international propaganda chief, encouraging subversive acts.
那封信據稱是當時的共產國際主席格里戈裏•季諾維也夫(Grigory Zinoviev)寫給英國共產黨的，鼓勵後者實施顛覆活動。
British intelligence passed it to the Conservative party, from where it arrived at the Daily Mail.
英國情報機構把這封信轉交給保守黨，從保守黨那裏又到了《每日郵報》(Daily Mail)手中。
The Mail published it on the eve of the 1924 election, which the Tories proceeded to win by a landslide — although their victory owed little to the scandal.
該報在1924年選舉前夕公佈了此信。保守黨隨後以壓倒性優勢獲勝——不過，這個醜聞對他們的勝利貢獻甚微。
Nowadays, historians think that the letter probably originated with anti-Soviet White Russian exiles in Berlin or Riga.
如今，歷史學家認爲，這封信很可能出自柏林或里加的反蘇白俄流亡者之手。
However, another spectacular forgery — The Protocols of the Elders of Zion — seems to have been concocted by the Paris-based head of the foreign branch of tsarist Russia’s secret police.
然而，另一個引人注目的僞造事例——《錫安長老會紀要》(The Protocols of the Elders of Zion)——似乎是由沙皇俄國祕密警察機構的巴黎分支負責人炮製出來的。
The Protocols, which makes wild allegations of a Jewish plot to rule the world, was first published in Russia in 1903 and nourishes global anti-Semitism to the present day.
於1903年最先在俄羅斯出版的該書，令人匪夷所思地指控猶太人陰謀統治世界；自那時起、直到今日，這本書一直爲全球反猶太主義提供着養料。
The Soviet Communist party and KGB had a kind of colour scheme for subversive measures.
蘇聯共產黨和克格勃有一套指代不同顛覆活動的顏色代號。
The KGB’s Service A conducted black propaganda (forgeries and rumours); the party’s international information department handled white propaganda (stories in the official Soviet press); and the party’s international department took care of grey propaganda (clandestine radio broadcasts and front groups).
克格勃的A小組(Service A)實施黑色宣傳（即：僞造和造謠）；蘇共國際信息部處理白色宣傳（即：蘇聯官方媒體上的報道）；蘇共國際部負責灰色宣傳（即：祕密無線電廣播和掩護性組織）。
From the 1960s until the late 1980s, all sorts of lies were sown in western countries and the developing world.
從20世紀60年代至80年代末，蘇聯在西方國家和發展中國家散播了各種各樣的謠言。
The KGB spread a rumour that a rightwing conspiracy was behind President John Kennedy’s assassination in 1963.
克格勃散佈謠言稱，1963年美國總統約翰•肯尼迪(John Kennedy)的遇刺背後有一個右翼陰謀。
In a deception codenamed Operation Infektion, a letter appeared in a pro-Soviet Indian newspaper in 1983 alleging that Aids was the result of Pentagon biological weapons programmes.
在代號爲感染行動(Operation Infektion)的造謠行動中，一份親蘇聯的印度報紙在1983年刊登了一封信，聲稱艾滋病(Aids)是五角大樓(Pentagon)生物武器計劃的產物。
In 1985 the disinformation campaign moved to Literaturnaya Gazeta, a Soviet literary weekly, from where it spread to non-Communist countries, damaging America’s image.
1985年，造謠運動的陣地轉向蘇聯文學週刊《文學報》(Literaturnaya Gazeta)，謠言又從那裏傳到非共產黨國家，損害了美國的形象。
After the Soviet Union’s collapse, Yevgeny Primakov, a former foreign intelligence chief, confirmed that the KGB had set up the whole operation.
蘇聯解體後，前對外情報局長葉夫根尼•普里馬科夫(Yevgeny Primakov)證實稱，克格勃策劃實施了這一整套行動。
A comparable example involving Mr Putin’s Russia is the false story in January that asylum-seekers had raped the 13-year-old daughter of a Russian immigrant family in Germany.
在普京領導下的俄羅斯，一個類似的例子是今年1月的假新聞，聲稱尋求避難者強姦了德國一個俄羅斯移民家庭的13歲女兒。
This tissue of lies, first reported on Russian state television, stirred up ethnic Russians in Germany just when public opinion was on edge because of the tide of refugees entering the country.
最先由俄羅斯國家電視臺報道的這一串謊言，在難民大潮涌入德國導致輿論緊張之際，煽動了該國俄裔居民的情緒。
Rather than pure aggression, retaliation often seems to be behind Russia’s dark arts.
隱藏在俄羅斯這些見不得光的做法背後的，似乎往往是報復，而非單純的挑釁。
The hacking of Wada was probably a tit-for-tat move for the ban on Russian athletes at the Olympics that followed Wada’s disclosures of state-sponsored doping.
對世界反興奮劑機構的黑客攻擊，很可能是在該機構披露俄羅斯政府支持服用興奮劑、導致俄運動員遭到奧運會禁賽之後，一項以牙還牙的報復行動。
The DNC hacking may reflect the Kremlin’s perception that the US had a hand both in the 2011 anti-Putin protests in Russian cities and in the 2014 Ukrainian uprising.
針對民主黨全國委員會的黑客攻擊，或許反映了克里姆林宮的一種看法，即在2011年發生在俄羅斯多座城市的反普京抗議活動以及2014年發生在烏克蘭的叛亂中，美國都扮演了某種角色。
Whatever their motives, Fancy Bear and Cozy Bear seem in no mood for a diet of berries and honey.
不管花式熊和安逸熊的動機是什麼，它們似乎都沒有心情安靜地享用漿果和蜂蜜。
