雙語暢銷書《艾倫圖靈傳》第9章:退隱山林(52)
It was in the Apostolic tradition, and also shared with Samuel Butler and Bernard Shaw.
But rather like those writers, his examples of 'intelligence' could be accused of a touch of the blarney, of arguing for the sake of it, of mere cleverness, or of making debating points.
但是正如那些作家一樣，圖靈舉的關於智能的例子，常被讀者指責爲胡扯。He enjoyed the play of ideas—but a logical jousting with God and Godel, the Lion and Unicorn tussle of free will and determinism, was not enough.
雖然圖靈自己很享受這些有趣的想法，但如果以此爲邏輯之劍，與上帝搏鬥，與哥德爾搏鬥，與自由意識之雄獅搏鬥，與決定論之獨角獸搏鬥，那是不夠的。
It was the year 1949 that saw Nineteen Eighty-Four—a book that Alan read, impressed: it elicited from him an unusually political comment when talking with Robin Gandy: '... I find it very depressing. ... I suppose absolutely the only hope lies in those proles.
1949年，圖靈讀了喬治·奧威爾的《1984》，並且印象很深刻，他與羅賓·甘迪討論時說："……我感到很沮喪……我覺得唯一的希望，就在那些無產階級身上。'Orwell's discussion of the capacity of political structure to determine language, and language to determine thought, was itself highly relevant to Alan Turing's thesis.
"在奧威爾的書中，政治體制能改變語言，而語言能改變人的思維，這與圖靈的論文有很大關係。Here lay Orwell's fear, and to counter it he seized upon scientific truth as an external reality that political authority could not gainsay: 'Freedom is the freedom to say two and two make four.'
這其中體現了奧威爾的恐懼，爲了抵抗這種恐怖，他抓住了科學真理，作爲一種政治獨裁者無法改變的現實，如他所說："自由就是二加二等於四。He added in the unchangeable past, and sexual spontaneity, as things that were so, whatever anyone said. Science and sex!—they had been the two things that allowed Alan Turing to jump out of the social system in which he was trained.
"他還談到無法改變的記憶，無法改變的對性的慾望。科學和性，圖靈正是因這兩樣東西，跳出了外界的社會體制！But the machine, the pure discrete state machine, could have none of this.
但是他的機器，離散狀態機，卻不具備這些。Its universe would be a void, but for the word of its teacher. It might as well be told that space was five-dimensional, or even that two and two made five when Big Brother decreed.
如果沒人訓練它，它的宇宙就是一片真空，它也可以被訓練成認爲空間是五維的，如果老大哥有要求，他甚至可以認爲二加二等於五。How could it 'think for itself, as Alan Turing asked of it? As they might say on the Brains' Trust, it all depended upon what was meant by 'intelligence'.
它怎麼能像圖靈所追求的那樣，追隨自己的心而自由地思考呢？這一切都取決於如何定義"智能"。When Alan first began to use the word, it was applied to chess playing and other kinds of puzzle-solving.
圖靈最初使用這個詞的時候，是指下棋或其它的一些解謎活動。It was a sense which accorded well with the wartime and immediate post-war mood, in which intelligence was what Hut 8 had, and the Admiralty did not.
這種認識，源自他在戰爭時期的體會，他認爲8號營房是智能的，而海軍是弱智的。
