日本3.11大地震一週年：重建工作仍需加緊大綱
TOKYO, March 11 (Xinhua) -- With debris piled up and fears of radiation unabated in the aftermath of catastrophe, Japanese government needs to expedite reconstruction.
The devastating earthquake and ensuing tsunami a year ago left about 22.5 million tons of debris in three hardest-hit prefectures, Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima, but less than six percent has been processed for good.
Yoshihiro Murai, governor of Miyagi prefecture, told a press conference on Wednesday that the prefecture initially planned to have 3.5 million tons of debris taken over by other prefectures. " At present, we are only able to find recipients for 150,000 tons," he said.
Asked by Xinhua about the reason, Murai said there were fears that some of these debris were contaminated with radioactivity resulted from the tsunami-stricken nuclear power plant in neighboring Fukushima prefecture.
The current situation frustrated the governor whose prefecture has to handle about 18 million tons of debris in total.
"We are the victims of rumors that we are not able to find other takers of the debris," Murai said.
According to a Kyodo news agency poll, more than 80 percent of the municipalities in the country are unwilling to accept quake debris.
Local officials in Miyagi said the radiation level of the debris is under the legal limits, but people are still nervous about the negative impact of processing debris on their health.
Japanese government should convey the information about radiation to the people across the country and nation-wide cooperation is also indispensable to dispose of the debris as early as possible, observers said.
In addition, the government needs to work closely with the quake-hit prefectures. A recent editorial in the Daily Yomiuri pointed out the urgency of closing the gap between government and these prefectures.
The editorial said there is a delay in the implementation of budgets related to reconstruction. Among a total of 14.34 trillion yen (about 173. 9 billion U.S. dollars) earmarked in the first to fourth supplementary budgets, only 55 percent had been disbursed by January, it said.
A poll by the daily showed that 72 percent of those surveyed nationwide believed reconstruction is making little or no progress. The figure was a reminder of the daunting and urgent task confronting the Japanese government.
The government has been working very hard and it does have some highlights like the speedy resumption of transportation in the quake zone. But to facilitate a thorough recovery from the massive quake and catastrophic tsunami, as well as the aftermath of a nuclear accident the world had never seen in 25 years, it takes greater courage and wisdom.
3月11日，日本將迎來3·11大地震一週年，日本各地將舉辦各種悼念活動，追悼遇難者並宣誓災後重建決心。3·11大地震已過去一年，但災區的重建工作進展緩慢，同時，東京大學地震研究所的研究小組日前彙總的研究結果顯示，未來4年內東京所在的南關東地區發生里氏7級直下型地震的概率約爲70%，新的地震陰雲籠罩首都圈。相關新聞報道：轉載自新華網
"3·11"大地震週年祭：日本國民今日爲遇難者默哀
舉行全國追悼大會
日本政府計劃11日下午2時30分，在東京國立劇場舉行追悼大會，在大地震發生的下午2時46分，集體默哀1分鐘。這也是大地震發生一年以來，日本政府首次舉辦追悼儀式。野田佳彥首相還通過自己的博客號召全體國民11日下午2時46分爲遇難者默哀。剛剛做完心臟搭橋手術的明仁天皇與皇后也將親自出席這一追悼大會，並致悼詞。天皇與皇后將參加追悼會40分鐘。日本警察廳3月9日公佈的最新數據顯示，一年前的特大地震和海嘯共造成15854人死亡，3167人失蹤。
垃圾處理成難題
3·11大地震已過去一年，但與1995年的阪神大地震相比，災區的重建工作進展緩慢。《讀賣新聞》2月25日至26日進行的一項關於災區重建情況的全國輿論調查顯示，有72%的民衆認爲東北災區的重建工作沒有取得進展。重建工作進展緩慢的主要原因，一是受福島第一核電站核事故的影響，民衆普遍對核輻射心存恐懼，二是因爲中央政府各部門缺少協調，導致各項重建政策難以落實。目前，3·11大地震和海嘯造成的垃圾只處理了5%。在災區的臨時垃圾站裏，建築材料、家用電器和傢俱等震災垃圾堆積如山。處理震災垃圾是災區重建的基礎工作，但由於擔心接收災區垃圾會帶來核輻射，多數地方政府不願意接收災區垃圾。按目前的進度，政府計劃2014年3月底前完成災區垃圾處理的目標很難達成。爲了推動震災垃圾的處理，3月5日，環境大臣細野豪志宣佈對接收災區垃圾的地方政府予以財政補貼的政策。新政策規定，中央財政不僅全額負擔地方政府焚燒和填埋災區垃圾的費用，還全額負擔災區垃圾的檢測費用、垃圾處理設施和焚燒後垃圾灰的檢測費用以及爭取當地居民理解的宣傳費用等。
重建經費申請繁瑣
日本中央政府各省廳嚴重的部門主義也導致重建工作進展緩慢。比如，漁港的重建需要向水產廳申請補助、居民住宅的重建需要向國土交通省申請補助。政府各部門間缺少有效的組織協調，造成各項重建政策很難落實。雖然國會已通過了重建預算，但由於申請手續繁瑣，地方政府無法短時間內拿到重建經費。曾擔任過巖手縣知事和總務大臣的增田寬也3月10日參加NHK電視臺的討論節目時表示：“災後重建進展緩慢，是人禍不是天災”。
“還有地震”陰雲籠罩
3·11大地震的心理陰影尚未散去，直下型地震的陰雲開始籠罩首都圈。東京大學地震研究所的研究小組日前彙總的研究結果顯示，未來4年內東京所在的南關東地區發生里氏7級直下型地震的概率約爲70%。3·11大地震後，南關東地區的地震活動開始活躍。據日本氣象廳統計，3·11大地震至本月7日，餘震區內共發生了有感地震7224次。日本文部科學省項目小組本月7日發表的調查結果稱，首都直下型地震之一的“東京灣北部地震”震度可能超出原先預測的6強（日本標準，最高爲震度7），達到震度7。接連發布的首都直下型地震的預報對日本社會造成了較大沖擊。近期有關首都直下型地震的新聞和防震減災節目佔據了日本各大電視的黃金時段，各大超市也都在顯著位置設置了防震物品專櫃。據日本富士電視臺報道，由於地震和核輻射的影響，近期移居國外的日本人明顯增加。
