理論上有可能存在的十大漫畫英雄(2)

erine

7.金剛狼

Wolverine is known for a few things. The first is his incredible healing power. Second is his skeleton, which is enhanced with the nearly indestructible metal adamantium. Finally, he has retractable claws.

金剛狼有許多特殊能力：超強的自愈能力、由艾德曼合金打造的金屬骨骼和可伸縮的合金爪。

A researcher at Harvard has accidentally come across a gene that could help with rapid regeneration. While doing cancer research, he punched holes in the ears of mice engineered with a gene that renews stem cells. A short time later, the holes in the ears had healed themselves, so he clipped their toes. Soon, the toes grew back. The gene may help with rapid regeneration.

哈佛大學的一名研究人員偶然發現了一種能促進機體快速恢復的基因。在做一項癌症實驗時，他在具有能產生幹細胞基因的老鼠耳朵上打洞並進行觀察。一段時間後，它們耳朵上的洞都神奇癒合了。他又剪掉了老鼠的腳趾，不久腳趾也長了回來。因此，這種基因可以幫助機體快速恢復。

Other scientists are looking to bond organic materials and metals together. Two researchers at Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics in Halle, Germany have developed a process called atomic layer deposition. They shot beams of iodized metal into the silk string from a spider. Some of the metal embedded itself inside the organic string. This process could be used to strengthen bones.

其他科學家也在尋求一種將有機物和金屬結合的方法。德國哈雷的馬普微結構物理研究所的兩名研究人員研製出的原子層積累技術有望使之成爲可能。他們把碘化處理的金屬粒子射到蜘蛛絲上，並且使一些金屬滲入到蜘蛛絲中。這項技術可用於強化骨骼。

Adamantium is still a fictional compound. However, researchers are developing increasingly strong metals. In 2008, North Carolina State University developed an iron alloy from nanoscale crystals that is stronger than any other alloy, and it maintains its shape at a very high temperature.

雖然艾德曼合金是虛構的，但是科學家們確實在研發一種非常堅固的金屬。2008年，北卡羅萊納州立大學（North Carolina State University）的研究人員從納米級晶體中研發出一種鐵合金，這種合金比其他任何金屬都要堅硬，而且能在高溫下保持原形。

Finally, retractable, internal claws may be hard to create. However, people like YouTube host Colin Furze have had some fun making their own external claws.

然而，他內置的可伸縮的合金爪確實很難製造。但是，像YouTube播主科林·費茲，你也可以通過自制鋼爪來自娛自樂。

er-Man

6.蜘蛛俠

How Peter Parker became Spider-Man is one of the most well-known origin stories in the history of comic books. A radioactive spider bit him, changing his genes, and he gained new powers, including superhuman strength and the ability to climb walls.

彼得·帕克是如何變成蜘蛛俠的一直是漫畫書歷史上最著名的故事之一。他被一隻受放射性感染的蜘蛛咬傷後改變了基因，意外獲得了特殊能力，包括超凡的力量和攀爬能力。

To start off, is it possible to have your genetics altered by a spider? Theoretically, you can, but it's quite unlikely. The spider would need to infect the subject with a retrovirus, which carries genetic information. The genetic information would then have to alter the DNA in cells. Almost every cell in the body would have to be infected. Even then, it would have to increase actin and the myosin proteins. These proteins effect muscle contractions, and an increase would theoretically make a person stronger.

首先，被蜘蛛改變基因有沒有可能？理論上說是可以的，但是可能性極低。蜘蛛需要通過攜帶遺傳信息的逆轉錄酶病毒來感染受試者，接着通過遺傳信息來改變細胞中的DNA，而且幾乎人體內的每個細胞都要被感染。在這之後還需要大量的肌動蛋白和肌球蛋白來影響肌肉的收縮和增殖，從而使他變得更加強壯。

If the change in DNA gave the individual spider-like hairs on their hands and feet, then it might be possible for them to climb walls, but the person's hands and feet would be hairy all the time. These hairs could also account for Spidey's sixth sense, but he would only feel vibrations and changes in air pressure nearby.

如果人體內DNA的改變能夠導致手腳上長出像蜘蛛那樣的毛髮，那麼他們就有可能具有攀爬能力。但是，手腳上必須時刻都遍佈毛髮。這些毛髮（蠱毛）可以引發蜘蛛感應，但是隻能感受到附近的氣流和震動。

A possible alternative to hairy hands and feet is to use DARPA's "Gecko Paddles." Based on the way geckos climb, these paddles stick to surfaces and allow people to climb vertically. Right now, these paddles are awfully big due to the weight of humans and are still in trials.

但是，美國國際部先進研究項目局（DARPA）研發的"壁虎爪"可以替代蜘蛛俠手腳上毛髮的功能。基於對壁虎爬行的觀察，他們研製出的壁虎爪能夠吸附於物體表面並能使人們垂直爬行。但是，由於人的體重原因，這些壁虎爪都十分龐大而且目前還處於實驗階段。

The last aspect of Spider-Man (at least in the Sam Raimi films) that makes him so unique is his ability to shoot spiderwebs. Spider silk is incredibly complex and evolved over millions of years. The human body simply doesn't have the proteins needed to recreate it, so we would need a major biological change beyond what a retrovirus could do. However, if someone were to shoot spiderwebs from their wrists, the webbing would be strong enough to allow them to swing about. Spiderweb silk is five times stronger than steel of the same diameter.

在山姆·雷米導演的電影中，蜘蛛俠的最後一個超能力是能夠發射蜘蛛網。蜘蛛絲的構成相當複雜而且經過幾百年的進化。人體內沒有製造蜘蛛絲所需要的蛋白質，因此，如果想要製造蜘蛛絲，人體需要進行一次大型生物改造，這是逆轉錄酶也做不到的。但是，如果有人真的能從手腕發射蜘蛛網，這網也要有足夠的韌性來確保它們在發射過程中不會斷開。因此，蜘蛛絲的韌度要是相同直徑鋼絲的六倍。

In the comics, Peter Parker develops a web shooter that is attached to his wrist, which is possible. German inventor Patrick Priebe made a web shooter of sorts using an electromagnet. Also, a team led by Uri Gat at Hebrew University in Jerusalem developed a genetically engineered spiderweb fiber. Perhaps it's just a matter of time before these two inventions come together.

在漫畫中，彼得·帕克發明了可以附在手腕上的蛛網發射器，這是可能的。德國發明家帕特里克·普里布（Patrick Priebe）用電磁鐵製造出了蛛網發射器。除此之外，耶路撒冷的希伯來大學一支由尤里·蓋特（Uri Gat）領導的科研團隊研發出一種由基因改造而成的蜘蛛網纖維。這兩項發明的結合也許只是時間的問題。

t

5.格魯特

Groot is a large treelike being who can feel, walk, listen, and talk (though his vocabulary is a bit limited). This isn't total fiction. Plants on Earth have senses—for example, they know when they are being touched. They also have a sense of space, which keeps most plants from sprouting if planted upside down. They feel vibrations, allowing the plant to go into a defensive mode. In fact, plant specialists believe that animals and plants are very similar when it comes to sensation because they both go through a chemical process when they react.

格魯特是一種大型的樹型生物體，它具有感知能力、行走能力、聽力和說話能力（儘管它的詞彙量有限）。這並不是完全虛構的。事實上，地球上的植物是有感知能力的，比如說，當它們被觸摸時它們能夠感受到。它們也具有空間感，如果種子在栽種時上下顛倒，它們會停止生長。當他們感受到震動時，也會進入一種防禦模式。實際上，植物學家認爲在感知方面動物和植物十分相似，因爲它們都是通過化學過程來實現對外界的反應的。

The one thing that Groot does that no real plant-animal hybrid could is walk or move quickly. Plants do move, like when they grow toward sunlight, but because of the way their cells are structured, they simply cannot form muscles.

而格魯特能做到其他動植物雜合體不能做到的是快速移動。植物確實能移動，比如它們會朝太陽生長，但是因爲植物細胞的特殊結構，他們並不能形成肌肉。

Being responsive to stimuli and but immobile is a far cry from being Groot. However, Groot's an alien, and those constraints only apply to Earth plants. On alien planets, plants may think on their own. These thinking plants needn't be rooted to the ground, either. Animals developed the ability to think so they could find food, so if the plant developed the ability to think, it might become a thinking, walking plant—just like Groot.

僅僅能對外界刺激做出反應卻不能移動是遠遠不能成爲格魯特的。但是，格魯特是外星人，而只有地球上的植物纔有這些限制。在外星球上，植物可以擁有思想，它們也不必紮根於土壤。動物思考能力的進步使它們能夠找到食物，所以如果植物進化到有思考能力的階段話，它們就有可能像格魯特那樣成爲有思想、能行走的植物了。

man

4.水行俠

Growing up on land, Arthur Curry thought he was just another boring human, until he learned that he was the true king of Atlantis. He had two notable powers: the ability to breathe underwater and to communicate with sea life.

在陸地上生長，亞瑟·克瑞（Arthur Curry）以爲他只是另一個無聊的人類，直到他知道了他其實是亞特蘭蒂斯真正的國王。他擁有兩項顯著的能力：在水下呼吸和能與海洋生物交流。

Communicating with all sea life is a bit of a stretch. However, some fish do communicate with each other through vibrations in the water. Also, for decades, researchers have been trying to communicate with dolphins. These smart and social animals use "signature whistles" to communicate with each other. Scientists are trying to create artificial whistles to talk with dolphins, so communicating with ocean life is certainly something scientists are striving for.

與海洋生物交流是不太可能，但是一些生物確實可以利用海水的震動互相交流。並且，幾十年來，科學家們一直在尋求與海豚交流。所以與海洋生物交流確實是科學家在努力研究的一個課題。

The other main power of Aquaman is that he breathes underwater. Amazingly, in 2014, scientists developed a substance that one day may allow humans to do just that. At the University of Southern Denmark, scientists have developed a crystal substance from the element cobalt. The crystal absorbs oxygen and then releases a tiny amount repeatedly when heated.

水行俠擁有的另一項能力是在水下呼吸。讓人吃驚的是，在2014年，科學家研製出一種可以使人類在水下呼吸長達一天的材料，南丹麥大學的科學家從鈷元素中研製出一種晶體材料。這種晶體可以吸收氧氣，當受熱時它會連續產生微量的氧氣。

The crystal, called " Aquaman Crystal," is quite powerful. For example, a bucketful would absorb all the oxygen in a room. So if a diver wanted to forego scuba gear and use the crystals, they would only need a couple of grains. While it will be a long time before divers can use the crystal, the scientists behind it are confident that it will be used to replace scuba tanks in the future.

這種叫做"海王"（Aquaman Crystal）的晶體用途十分廣泛。比如，一罐"海王"可以吸收一間房屋內的所有氧氣。所以潛水員只需要幾粒晶體就可以丟掉笨重的呼吸裝置了。儘管距離這種晶體投入使用還需要很長一段時間，但是科學家們有信心在未來他將會取代氧氣罐。

翻譯:ZC 來源：前十網