託福獨立寫作工作類話題開頭段寫作技巧介紹
託福獨立寫作考試中，高頻話題有教育類話題、工作類話題和年輕人類話題。在託福獨立寫作中開頭段的寫作是十分重要的，如果你的獨立寫作開頭寫好了，後面展開就容易多了。這裏小編爲大家帶來了託福獨立寫作工作類話題開頭段的寫作技巧介紹，希望對大家託福寫作提分有幫助。
託福獨立寫作工作類話題開頭段寫作技巧介紹
工作類話題題目：
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? For success in a future job, theabilityto relate well to people is more important than studying hard in school. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
思路分析：
1.話題引入：選出作文命題中的關鍵詞(一般爲名詞)，進行背景描述，引入話題
2.他人觀點：第二步有三種處理方法。陳述對立觀點、敘述雙方觀點或保留雙方觀點
3.亮明觀點：第三句話明確給出本文總觀點
4.尾句過渡：用固定句式進行開頭段與主體段的過渡
開頭段範文：
?Everyone in the society is seeking for success in career, but what is the keyfactorof becoming successful? There are two choices – good networking and hardworking. ?Although someone tends to choose the first aspect, ?I definitely agree that hardworking at school should be a key factor of success. ?Without hardworking at school, success in the future cannot be guaranteed.
範文解析：
1.根據題幹內容，選取關鍵詞success, future job, relate well to people or study hard at school。開頭句作爲話題引入，先描述當前背景，即社會上的每個人都追求事業成功，但成功的關鍵因素是什麼?第二句對應題幹信息，指出有兩種選擇——良好的人際關係還是努力學習。
2.該步驟採取了陳述對立觀點的方法，Although … 指出有人認爲良好的人際關係對於事業成功更重要。
3.I definitely agree that直接引出作者的態度，即在學校努力學習是成功的關鍵因素，亮出文章的總觀點。
4.最後一句，作爲對整體段落內容上的收尾，並且引出下文來支持作者觀點的理由。
開頭段所涉及詞彙講解(工作類)
seek for success in career 追求事業上的成功
the key factor of… …的關鍵因素
good networking 良好的人際關係
cannot be guaranteed 無法保證
託福獨立寫作開頭段寫法舉例
首先，回顧一下5分作文的評分標準：
effectively addresses the writing task
is well organized and well developed
use clearly appropriate details to support a thesis
displays consistent facility in the use of language
demonstrates syntactic variety and appropriate word choice, thoughit may have occasional errors
這三大塊的要求(organization, development, language use)對於Introduction的意義在於：1)作文必須有一個開頭段(這樣才完整呀，就像剛認識一個小夥伴，總要問一下“你的名字是?”) 2)好的開頭段要做到引出話題和明確表明作者的態度。(也許問“你的名字”並不是一個搭訕的好方式，那怎麼辦?)
來個例子吧~ 下文是TPO10的綜合寫作閱讀文章，沒錯!寫作雖然分爲兩個tasks，但都是英語寫作呀~ 筆者一直認爲這兩篇作文可以一起提高，綜合寫作就是美國人寫的議論分析文章哇~ 接下來，帶着大家分析這個開頭段，同時解答如下幾個問題：
1) 能不能一開始就寫“I agree with the statement.”/“I think ….”?
2) 題目裏的文字我就抄一點點，一丟丟……就一點點，可以嗎?
3) 多少字爲宜?
The sea otter is a small mammal that lives in watersalong the western coast of North America from California to Alaska.(看了第一句，能猜出作者觀點嗎?當然不能，但是我們可以知道這篇文章一定是關於 seaotter 這個話題的。)When some sea otter populations off the Alaskan coaststarted rapidly declining a few years ago, it caused much concern because seaotters play an important ecological role in the coastal ecosystem. Expertsstarted investigating the cause of the decline and quickly realized thatthere were two possible explanations:environmental pollution or attacks by predators.(兩個可能的原因，這是可以被質疑被反駁的“觀點”哦) Initially, the pollution hypothesis seemed the morelikely of the two.(作者的態度明顯就是支持 pollution hypothesis)
附上sea otter的照片，挺萌的。
到了答疑時間：
1)第一句話建議大家先引入話題，不要直接簡單粗暴地寫“我覺得……”。除非，你打字速度慢到擔心後面寫不完……(這種情況下，XDF老師們也有專門幫大家提高打英文速度的方法喲)
2)背景句一般是一個現象，接下來就要針對這個話題提出一個爭論點。大多數時候，考生會在此時選擇改寫題目。問題來了，5分評分標準中的“demonstrates syntactic variety and appropriate word choice”就需要大家做到表達準確，且不能重複。
3)最後必須給出作者的觀點，至於用I think還是In myopinion都不重要，重要的還是這句話整體寫的如何。如果有一個短語100%比In my opinion更好，並且100%能拿高分，我想這早就不會是一個祕密了。希望寶寶們注重提高語言能力!而不是機械地背短語。
4)整篇文章字數要求是300以上，個人建議開頭段字數在40-60個。(個別打字狂人且腦洞太大的，你想多寫一些我也不攔着。)
最後，給大家看一個暑假班(25人上機衝刺班+1V1學員)小學霸蔡同學的開頭段修改範例。
範例1：
Do you agree ordisagree with the following statement: People benefit more from traveling intheir own country than from traveling to foreign countries.
In recent days, people who travel in othercountries is on the rise, while others, choose to travel to foreigncountriesas a result of thebooming economy.(原文的版本不太和諧，背景句只要提到核心詞“旅行/出國旅行”的背景信息即可，儘量不要涉及到人們的觀點。加了個原因純屬湊內容啦~)Some people hold the opinion that they can benefit more fromtraveling in native areas, while others prefer to travel to experience adifferent life in other trend is regarded as a positive one because they are eager to experiencea different life. Some people, however, still consider travelling in one’s owncountry as more favorable.(一些人blabla，然鵝另一些人blabla，這個真的太俗了!並且非常容易重複題目中的說法哦)In my point of view, I would like to travel to foreign countries inan attempt to learn more things.
範例2：
Some people argue using a cleaner energy to protect the environment,but some people says the traditional energy sources such as coal and oil isless expensive, what is your suggestion?
…此處省略若干字…. In my point of view, I totally agree that new energies are a goodreplacement and should be encouragedto use a cleaner energy to protect the environment.
如何寫好託福寫作開頭段
我們都知道，一篇較好的託福作文需要字數達到400-450左右，然而我們的規定時間只有短短的30分鐘，可想而知，託福寫作的字數壓力還是比較大的。所以我們建議，開頭段不應該佔據太多時間，我們應該多留一些時間給後面主體段的擴展，讓文章更加充實。
通常開頭段的要求是字數在70-100詞左右，時間控制在3-5分鐘。不排除有些學生拿到題目就能文思泉涌的敲出一篇開頭，但是對於大多數學生來說，緊張的時間再加上緊張的情緒，在開頭段就會卡殼。那麼針對這大多數的情況，我們有沒有什麼解決辦法呢?
那麼接下來我們用一個題目來看看。
Do you agree or disagree: money is the most important aspect in a job?
首先拿到這個題目，我們可以看到要談論的是錢對於工作的重要性，那麼在開頭段我們要如何引入話題呢?我們可以這樣寫：
In contemporary society, it has become a hot issue that whether money is the most important aspect in a job. People’s opinions about it vary from person to person.
“在現代社會，錢到底是不是工作中最重要的部分，這個話題引起了大家的熱烈討論，大家的觀點各不相同”。很顯然，這是個引入主題的好方法。
接下來是正反方觀點，也就是一些人同意而另一些人不同意的部分了：
A number of supporters of that viewpoint claim that money is very important on account of its necessity to satisfy our daily needs, but other people who are opposite to that view hold that other factors like interest and social liability are also significant aspects in a job.
可以看到，我們在託福寫作範文中介紹各方觀點的時候可以適當的加上一下你可以想到的簡單理由來幫我們填充開頭。
最後一部分是個人觀點，也就是表達自己看法的時候，大家對於這個應該是非常擅長了，無非就是就我個人來說，我的看法是什麼：
As for as I am concerned, I am convinced that money is not always the most important.
我們可以看到，背景爭議法的開頭寫法結構和思路都是非常清晰的。
通過上面的介紹我們發現：作爲託福寫作的開頭段落是至關重要的，我們不應該只是單純的套用託福寫作範文中的句式，這樣顯得非常生硬。在時間緊迫的情況下，我們可以使用這個託福綜合寫作模板中的方法來處理開頭段落。
託福寫作三種開頭段寫法
1)追根溯源法
即從託福寫作題目給出的話題中找出這個現象產生的原因來擴展背景句。這種方法適合大多數的話題，考生要儘量在考前做託福作文練習，這樣在考試就可以得心應手了。
請看下面的例子：
There are social, medical and technical problems associated with the use of mobile phones. What forms do they take？ Do you agree that the problems outweigh the benefits of mobile phones？
這個題目中給出的話題是mobile phone，所以考生可以從它產生的原因來考慮，就是科技的繁榮，而科技的繁榮，手機的廣泛使用是在20世紀末，這樣背景句就有內容可寫了。
這個背景句就可以寫成： The late 20th century witnessed the boom of science and technology, which gave rise to a series of technological innovations, including the mobile phone.
再看一例：
Nowadays, some universities offer students skills that assist them to find employment, but some people believe that the main function of a university should be to provide students with access to knowledge for its sake. What is your opinion？
這題要求大家討論大學是提供職業技能還是傳授知識。那從傳統觀點來看，大學是傳授知識的地方，爲什麼會提出要傳授技能呢，所以這裏考生也可以用追根溯源法思考下，大家肯定可以想到是由於找工作已經成爲當今教育的目的之一了，所以很多大學就轉移到以傳授技能爲主了。那當然還是要結合句型，這裏可以用as 引導的原因狀語從句。
參考：As job-hunting has become one of the main purposes of university education, the majority of the universities tend to offer vocational trainings to prepare the students for their future career.
2) 重述法
即對關於這個話題的當前現狀的重述。
請看一例：
Nowadays, people are facing more and more work-related stress. State the possible reasons for this phenomenon and make some recommendations about how to combat it。
本題的話題關於壓力，那考生可從當前社會現象來考慮這個問題，考生不難想出當下對壓力這一現象的情況，即很多人都在承受着或多或少的壓力。可用it is generally believed that … 形式主語的句型。
參考：It is generally believed that white-collar as well as blue-collars workers are suffering from psychological and physical stress stemming from work.
再看一例：
Environmental problem is too big for individual countries and individual people to address. In other words, we have reached the stage where the only way to protect the environment is at an international level. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement？
本題話題爲環境問題，考生也可用重述法對當前環境問題進行重述，這時，可以用In modern society/ At present, 等表時間的介詞短語來引導一個敘述句型。
參考：In modern society, environment related issues have confronted ecological scientists, government agencies and the general public. (引自雅思高分範文p16)
3)定義法
即通過對話題詞的定義的介紹，這種方法在新託福開頭寫作中有一定難度，考生需要有淵博的知識，才能做到對名詞的解釋，但對特別明顯的詞語，考生可借鑑這種方法。
請看一例：
The main purpose of public libraries is to provide books and they should not waste their limited resources and space on providing expensive hi-tech media such as computer software, videos and DVDs. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement？
本題中的話題詞爲圖書館，可以解釋的詞也是圖書館比較方便容易。那麼到底如何解釋呢，比如說圖書館在傳統意義上來看，是收藏書的地方，而現在因爲科技發展，使得圖書館的意義發生改變，從而引出話題。這裏同樣可以用形式主語：
It is generally believed that public libraries are places with a large collection of books； however, the digital time has given it a new means of storing and retrieving information.
