託福獨立寫作讓步段怎麼寫
託福獨立寫作中，一個好的讓步段會讓文章的邏輯關係更嚴密，論證更豐富，更符合學術文章的要求。今天小編就來和大家詳細講講讓步段的寫法，助力你的託福寫作!
讓步段落這樣寫，你的託福獨立寫作更有威力!
寫還是不寫?這是個問題
Q：很多同學有疑問，在一篇完整的獨立作文中，讓步段是不是一定要寫呢?可不可以不寫呢?
老師：讓步段不是必須要寫的，考生們可以在作文裏只提出支持自己觀點的兩至三個正面的理由，這樣也可以得出最後的結論。
比如說是否同意“新的科技產品發佈，過段時間購買比馬上購買要好”，我們完全可以只提出過段時間購買的兩個正面理由：一. 價格會更便宜; 二. 產品的性能會更優化，這樣整篇作文的論點還是明確的。
但是這篇文章當然也可以加上讓步段，過段時間再買的壞處，或是馬上購買的好處。這樣會顯得這篇文章論證的邏輯更加嚴密和全面，我們確實是進行了優劣對比後，才得出自己的觀點。
尤其要注意的是，如果作文題目本身的觀點的反面並不能夠被忽略，那麼建議讓步段是一定要寫的，這樣顯得我們得出自己的觀點纔不牽強。
比如作文題目“Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Playing computer games is a waste of time. Children should not be allowed to play them.”。我們可以寫正面的兩個觀點，即玩電腦遊戲的兩個好處，但是我們同樣不能忽略玩電腦遊戲的壞處，所以就要寫讓步段了，不然觀點就會顯得過於偏激。
怎麼寫讓步段?這又是個問題
重中之重: “讓一小步，進一大步”!
讓步段的最重要目的是對讓步內容地不斷削弱，以退爲進，先提出壞處，然後再否定它。但是要記住的是讓步段與支持段結構一致，也是有主題句，然後要對主題句進行展開解釋。
所以常見的套路是：
主題句(不可否認A也有壞處)+解釋(進一步解釋說明壞處是什麼)+讓步(但是呢，這些壞處可以被解決掉，或是不太重要)
1.讓步段主題句寫法
讓步段的主題句一般是這樣的：不可否認的是，A可能會有一些壞處。這裏我們儘量語氣要委婉些，下面是一些會用到的詞組表達：
——Admittedly / Undoubtedly / There is no denying that / It cannot be denied that
——May / might / possibly / probably
——One / one or two / a couple of / minor / several
——To some extent / to some degree
【常見錯誤】
很多考生讓步段用although開頭，但是although後面只能跟一個從句，所以後面主題句的內容就沒有辦法展開了。
2. 讓步如何實現
讓步段的表述可以參考以下模式：
?讓步方的好處比支持方的好處次要，或者支持方的壞處比起好處來次要。
However, the advantages of A are more important than those of B.
?讓步方優點與支持方優點比起來較少，或支持方缺點與優點比起來較少。
However, the advantages of A are far more than those / that of B.
However, the advantages of A outnumber those / that of B.
?對方的好處，我方也可以有辦法得到;我方的壞處可以有辦法消除。
However, the problem can be solved by …
However, the negative influence can be eliminated by …
3. 讓步段範例賞析
Q
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Playing computer games is a waste of time. Children should not be allowed to play them.
主題句:
Admittedly, playing computer games does harbor several drawbacks.
解釋：
Some children are addicted to playing computergames and ignore their studies, thereby suffering from poor academic performance. Also, over exposure to computer games with high concentration will sooner or later cause the impairment of their eyesight.
讓步:
However, most children are able to control themselves to play games in moderation. Also, their parents can intervene and supervise as well. Specifically, they could set strict rules on how much time their children could play games everyday and on what conditions they could do so, therefore it is completely unnecessary to forbid them to play computer games.
託福獨立寫作真題分步詳解—該不該投資“非實用科研”?
第一步：審題
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The government should support the scientific research even it has no practical use.
題目要求考生討論政府是否應該支持非實用科研。由標誌詞should 可知，本題屬於價值判斷類題目。對於這類題目，可以優先選擇利弊分析法解題。本題可以從經濟利益、社會因素、未來發展和可操作性方面進行討論， 比如可以思考支持"非實用科研"會造成哪些經濟損失或帶來哪些經濟利益、對社會和科學發展有怎樣的影響、會面臨怎樣的現實問題等。
爲了更清楚地展示分析結果，筆者將兩者間的利弊對比列在了下面的表格中。在考試時考生也可以用類似方法將其列在草稿紙上，寫作時思路會更加清晰。
第二步 寫作
1、首段
引子：在"現象化、背景化、調查化"三種方法中，本段可以選取現象化的方式展開引子，目前，中國政府每年都在增加對科研的投入。
點題：可以用不同的語言重述題目----“而非實用科研是否應該得到政府的政治支持，卻成爲一個合理的問題。”
觀點和鋪墊：本段筆者嘗試將觀點和鋪墊合爲一句來表述，點明自己的觀點， 並簡單提及下文內容——"我個人認爲，所謂的非實用科學會給投資者帶來潛在的回報，但支持這些研究對招募科學家也會有良好的影響。”
首段用英文表述如下：
(引子)At present, the Chinese government has been increasing investment in scientific research annually. (點題)However, it is a legitimate question whether or not impractical scientific research should receive financial support from the government. (觀點和鋪墊) Personally, I believe the so-called impractical science has potential reward for investors, and supporting it also has a beneficial effect on the overall recruitment of scientists.
2、正文段1
主題句：可以簡潔、清晰地提出第一分論點----“首先，政府應該爲非實用科學的潛在好處而進行投資。”
擴展句：在原因、推論、解釋、對比四種方法中，本段可以嘗試從原因分析角度對主題句進行論證——"很多科學研究開始都不盈利，但最後卻有很好的回報。”
案例和細節： 飛機的發明。20世紀初，萊特兄弟設計了第一架飛機。當時，很多人認爲萊特兄弟的實驗是毫無意義的，因爲他們不相信這樣一隻“呆鳥”能對社會有所幫助。現在，全世界都受益於萊特兄弟的發明。飛機不僅成爲重要的交通工具，也是一種至關重要的軍事武器。例子中提供了時間、人物、飛機綽號以及事件結果等諸多細節，使得論據非常生動可信。
邏輯包裝：重申段落主旨，並繼續加強案例說服力----“僅僅因爲一項研究在當時看起來不實用，就不進行投資，這是很愚蠢的。因此，考慮到潛在的回報和利益，對政府而言，投資非實用科研非常值得嘗試。“
正文段1用英文表述如下：
(主題句) First, the government should invest in impractical science for its potential benefits.(擴展句) Many scientific researches have had a non-profitable beginning, but a rewarding ending. (案例和細節)The best example to illustrate this is the invention of airplane. The Wright brothers designed the first airplane in the early 20th century. At the time, most people viewed the brothers' experiment as meaningless since they did not believe such a "rigid bird" could possibly be of benefit to society. Today the whole world benefits greatly from the Wright brothers' invention. The airplane has become not only an important transportation device, but also a vital military weapon. (邏輯包裝) It is foolish to ignore investment in research simply because it seems impractical at the time. Accordingly, considering the potential rewards and benefits, it is a worthy attempt for the government to invest on impractical research.
3、正文段2
此段的結構和正文段1類似，但需要站在不同角度思考一個分論點。權衡之下，我們確定以下的分論點-----“投資非實用科研可以進一步發展我國的科研技術。”
以下是參考英文文段：
(主題句)Secondly, the budget for impractical scientific research can further develop scientific research in our country. (擴展句)With the financial investment, the government can improve its reputation and attract talented scientists from all over the world. (案例和細節)For instance, the U.S. government usually spends more than 2.3 billion dollars on impractical research each year, and has an excellent high reputation for valuing all scientific researches. Many scientists from abroad settle down in America because of this, for they believe they can have personal development in the United States. According to a survey on the Internet, more than 30 percent of scientific discoveries in America can be attributed to endeavors made by Chinese and Indian scientists. (邏輯包裝) If our country is increasingly devoted to impractical scientific research, we too can attract the best talents from all over the world.
4、讓步段
讓步句：可以承認自身觀點的缺陷，也可以指出對方觀點的可取之處。此處筆者選擇承認自身觀點缺陷——"誠然，非實用科研的經費支出會給人們帶來一些經濟負擔。”
讓步論證：爲讓步句的合理性提出合理證明。在某種意義上，它是一種高風險的投資。“
轉折句：否定讓步，強化己方觀點。本句有四種寫作方法，即己方問題可解、雙方優勢共享、自身優劣對比、行爲後果權衡。這裏可以採用自身優劣對比的方法，說明政府對科技“高風險的投資“雖有缺陷，但意義更大----”不過，這種投資還是值得的。“
轉折論證：此句支持和加強轉折句。進一步說明轉折句的合理性，並重申段落主旨-----“由於有時能得到非常高的回報，我們的政府應該承擔投資的風險。“
讓步段用英文表述如下：
(讓步句)Admittedly, the expenditure on impractical research will bring some financial burden to the people. (讓步論證)In a sense, it is a high-risk investment. (轉折句) Nevertheless, this investment is still worthwhile. (轉折論證) It is because the reward sometimes is so great that our government should be willing to take the risk of investment.
5、結尾段
結尾段主要的作用是重申觀點-----“總之，考慮到巨大的潛在利益和科研的進一步發展，政府確實應該投資非實用科研。“
結尾段用英文表述如下：
In conclusion, considering the huge potential benefits and further development of scientific research, the government indeed should invest in impractical scientific research.
以上，就是本篇獨立寫作從審題到寫作的分步解析。本文在開頭段運用了“一引二扣三觀四鋪”的經典方式，中間兩個主題段的論證中綜合使用了原因、舉例等論證方法，再結合適當的讓步邏輯，便形成了一篇中心切題、論證豐富、說理清晰的文章。希望同學們在練習中能學以致用，舉一反三，使這些方法服務於自己的寫作。
託福獨立寫作範文：人人都可以改變環境
寫作話題
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Because environmental issues are too complicated, individuals can do nothing to solve them.
參考範文
Our current environmental problems grow ever more serious. Sometimes they seem so serious and confusing that it seems an individual could never do anything to help fi x the problems. Personally speaking, I believe that individuals can make a difference. There are at least two areas where the efforts of ordinary individuals can be meaningful in solving environmental issues.
Firstly, individuals can protect environment by changing their ways of waste disposal. If every person would classify his or her garbage before throwing it away, much of it could be recycled and pollution could be reduced. Just take beverage cans as one example. Recent surveys suggest that over 7,000 tons of waste beverage cans go un-recycled each year in America alone. The cost of finding these cans after they have been thrown away, reclassifying them as recyclable and then sending them to be recycled is far higher than simply making new ones. However, if individuals would sort their cans before they discard them, and then discard them into the proper containers, the expense of recycling would decline greatly and there would be reduction in absolute pollution caused by the beverage cans. This is just one area where an individual can make a difference.
Secondly, environmental problems will be somewhat revolved once individuals in society consume less energy. It is because the requirement of natural resources used to produce energy will reduce and as a result, the environmental damage human inflicts will also decline. As an academic survey indicates, if every family in American could reduce their electricity use by 5% a year,1.65 billion units would be saved. It means that the generator motived by coals in the whole country can take a break for more than a month. In fact, not only can it make human’s requirement of natural resources less, but also it can alleviate the air pollution caused by burning coals. Consequently, for winning the battle of protecting environment, individuals’ endeavor, undoubtedly, is a great strength that should not be ignored.
Admittedly, most people do not have the specialized knowledge and skills to tackle many issues related to the environment. Besides, they do not have the influence to change entire systems. Nevertheless, the claim that individuals can do nothing to solve these issues is an obvious overstatement. In fact, the power that individual can exert is much more than we can expect.
In conclusion, I disagree with the idea that individuals can do nothing in solving environmental problems since the issues are too complicated.
參考譯文
當前我們面臨的環境問題已經越來越嚴峻了。有時這些問題看起來格外嚴重，令人不知所措，以至於人們覺得個人在解決環境問題方面已經無能爲力了。然而在我看來，即使是個人也可以儘自己的一份努力，來改變這一現狀。至少在下面兩個方面，普通人也能爲之做出有意義的貢獻。
首先，人們可以通過改變垃圾丟棄的方式，來保護環境。如果每個人都能在丟掉垃圾之前將其分類，那麼這些垃圾中的一大部分就可以被回收，進而減少污染。以飲料罐爲例。最近一項調查顯示，僅在美國，每年就有超過 7000 噸廢飲料罐未能得到回收。如果人們要找回這些已丟棄的飲料罐，並將其重新分類、回收利用，其成本要比製造新罐子高得多。然而，如果人們可以事先分揀出這些廢罐子，並將它們扔到相應的垃圾箱裏，回收的費用則將大大下降，而由飲料罐引起的污染也會有所減少。以上這不過是個人能夠爲環保做出貢獻的諸多領域之一。
其次，如果每個人能夠降低自己對能源的消耗，那麼環境問題也將在一定程度上得到解決。這是由於人們不再需要消耗大量的自然資源來製造能源。自然資源消耗的下降及工業生產的縮減，會降低人類對環境造成的損害。一份學術調查表明，如果所有的美國家庭每年能減少 5% 的用電量，那麼便可節省 16.5 億度電，而這意味着全國以燃煤爲動力的發電機可以少工作一月有餘。事實上， 那不僅能減少人們對自然資源的消耗，同時也能夠減輕因燒煤而引起的空氣污染。因此，要贏得環保戰鬥的勝利，個人的努力，毫無疑問，是一個不應被忽視的強大力量。
誠然，大多數人不具備解決諸多環境問題的專業知識和技能。此外，他們也沒有足夠的影響力以改變整個體系。但即使這樣，聲稱個人在解決這些問題上完全無能爲力顯然言過其實了。事實上，個人能夠發揮出的力量是遠遠超過我們預期的。
綜上所述，我不認同“環境問題太過複雜，因此個人在解決這些問題上無能爲力”這個說法。
範文點撥
這篇範文共五段。首段依然是引子、點題、觀點、鋪墊四個要素。對於本題的話題，即個人是否在應對複雜的環境問題面前無能爲力，作者持的是一種否定態度，並在其後的兩個正論段中，從垃圾處理和能源節約方面進行了論證。另外，作者在論述以上兩段時，也分別給出了具體的數據，作爲細節加以佐證。在讓步段中，作者使用了“讓步句 +讓步論證 +轉折句 +轉折論證”的四句話論證法。值得注意的是，這一次的讓步論證中，作者給出了與讓步句論點平行的另一觀點，來對其做出補充說明。總體上說，整篇文章長度適中，且語言亮點較多，難度適中，非常適合考生模仿研習。
