託福閱讀歸總題解題方法
在託福閱讀考試中，很多考生在看到最後一個歸總題的時候直接就放棄了，所以對於很多考生而言，歸總題幾乎就成了考生在考試中的噩夢了。想了解託福閱讀歸總題解題方法嗎，往下看看吧。
託福閱讀歸總題解題方法
託福閱讀考試中的歸總題主要考察的是考生理解全文的能力，特別是考察考生對於文章中觀點和概念之間的組織結構的理解能力，考生如果想要在這個題目中取得高分，就一定要掌握整篇文章的中心內容以及形成一個文章的整體框架，在讀文章的過程中，要特別注意觀察每一段中的段首句和段尾句，因爲它們往往揭示了每一段中要論述的中心內容。
建議考生每讀一段文章就要對這一段話中的主要觀點和它們之間的關係進行彙總，而且因爲這道題目是以選擇題的方式來考察考生的答題能力的，所以考生也需要學會選擇，如果在選擇題目中出現的內容過於細節，或者是在文章中沒有出現的話，一般來說，考生就可以判定這個選項是錯誤的。
託福閱讀常見錯誤
1.選擇題，就是要用排除法
這是一種常見的關於託福閱讀的認知錯誤。要知道四個選項，有三個錯誤，只有一個正確的，且位置不定，毫無規律可循。試問，選錯的概率比選對的概率高50%。所以，排除法並不好用。只有把新託福閱讀中選擇題當做簡答題做，即從原文中找到題幹對應答案，再進行選擇纔是正確，而且往往閱讀高手還可以節約掉不必要的閱讀選項的時間。
解決方法：選擇題，不用排除法，而當做簡答題完成。
2.不看標題，直接讀文章
這是流行在託福界的一個普遍的錯誤。如果標題真的沒用，那麼精於算計的American考官早就取消了。標題是一篇文章的主題所在，理解它，就可以預判文章的內容，甚至是結構。同時提升閱讀興趣，避免新託福閱讀考試後疲勞症的出現。
解決方法：標題必須看，而且要預測文章基本結構和大體內容。
3.詞彙題，只有增加詞彙量才行
要知道在託福的詞彙考覈中，基本詞彙量、構詞法分析還有上下文推斷是三個考點。意味增加詞彙量，只能對基本詞彙量和部分構詞法詞彙起到幫助，對上下文推斷收效甚微，這就是爲什麼經常有考試詞彙量大概10,000但是託福閱讀仍舊還在24-26分徘徊的原因。所以，托福考試備考生們一定要注意，詞彙理解必須基於句子結構搭配，以及上下文分析方可。
解決方法：詞彙題，有時需要結合上下文理解，但是詞彙量仍舊是基礎。
4.最後一題，最後纔看
這種觀點只有沒有經驗的菜鳥託福才這樣想、並這樣做。因爲它的最終結果只會是浪費時間重讀原文，或YY答案，其正確率根本沒有保障。正確之道是先看，而非後看。因爲最後一題要麼要求總結文章段落大意，要麼是分類填表。只有提前瞭解了題型和基本要求，才能在閱讀時有的放矢，讓文章閱讀只做一遍。不必要的閱讀時間縮短了，正確率纔會提高。
託福閱讀解題原則
1、上下文原則
所謂的上下文原則指的是，在做題的過程中，根據題乾的關鍵詞定位，定位到原文的某個句子之後，還需要根據句子的上下文進行理解，有些題目只根據一句話是無法找出正確答案的，這一點需要考試特別注意。例如：TPO7-2 Ancient Rome and Greece , intellectual Romans such as Horace held which of the following opinions about their civilization?從題乾的According to paragraph 4和Horace可以把答案定位到第4段最後一句，這句話一開始就有個such，所以應該聯繫上文，因爲上文才是Horace的觀點，前面不停說希臘是原創者，羅馬只是跟着學，所以羅馬沒什麼有價值的東西。因此考生要特別注意這一點。
2、選項和原文一致原則
所謂的選項和原文一致原則就是正確選項一定是原文內容的同義改寫，大家不要主觀臆造，才能保證正確率。還有一種常見的現象是學生做完題之後，再次進行檢查的時候會改答案，建議考生一定要相信自己的初感覺，不是百分百確定，一般不要改答案。還有一點需要大家注意那就是根據原文選擇選項時，不要過多推斷，因爲美國人都是線性思維，相信自己的初感覺。總的來說，託福閱讀要理解選項和原文之間的關係，提高閱讀的正確率。
3、開頭結尾原則
在託福閱讀中，所謂的開頭結尾原則跟聽力中的開頭結尾原則是有些不一樣的。在聽力中的開頭原則指的是整篇文章的開頭和結尾，但是在託福閱讀中正篇文章的開頭結尾固然重要，但是每個段落的開頭結尾也是很重要的。每個段落的開頭句是段落主題，段落的最後一句話段落總結，都是我們抓住關鍵信息的重要位置。
託福閱讀：無家可歸的孩子也能走向成功
Teachers at Arlington Park Learning Center have high expectations for all of their students - including those who are homeless.
This past summer, single mother Angela Arnold moved halfway across the United States, from North Carolina to Dallas, Texas, with her 9-year-old son Jordan. A veteran mortgage lender who'd been laid off, she expected to quickly find a new job here, where the economy’s better. So she rented a room by the week in an extended-stay motel. That was more than six months ago.
When she enrolled Jordan in her neighborhood school, Arlington Park Learning Center’s counselor told her she was considered homeless.
"I’m like, 'Homeless? What do you mean homeless? I’m not homeless,'" says Arnold. "And, like I said, 'I’ve never been put in a situation such as this.' He said, 'Well it’s a homeless program you’re in because you don’t have a home, have an address, you don’t have a residency. I thought ‘Wow, OK.’"
Arnoldis still looking for work while managing with her unemployment check. She is one of more than 100 Arlington Park parents considered homeless. The small school with 246 mostly black and Hispanic students sits close to Interstate 35, a busy highway. The county hospital, a women's shelter and several extended-stay hotels, where the rooms have small kitchens.
"We have a lot of children coming from the hotels and motels out on 35," says Mark Pierce, who runs the school district’s homeless education program, including the one at Arlington Park. "So we have a lot of kids there. Every single day we get new kids from the hotels and motels."
There are at least 5,000 homeless students in Dallas schools. Pierce says families find themselves to be homeless for a variety of reasons.
"A family living with another family, because they’ve been evicted, because they’re fleeing from domestic violence, because they just weren’t able to afford their housing anymore, and just gave it up and moved in with somebody, they’re homeless."
The school district gives their children breakfast, lunch and weekend snacks, and provides transportation to and from the hotels, motels and shelters. It helps parents too, by offering free city bus passes.
Arnoldis grateful for the help she receives. "If it wasn’t for the program they have here, with the clothes, the uniforms they provide, the book bags, because all our things are in storage."
Her 4th grade son, Jordan, says he loves his new school, but not the hotel.
"I wish we were going to have a house to go in. I like Texas better because they have more schools, art schools. It’s kind of good here, because it’s so, it’s so just good to me. It’s all good to me in every way. And then all the teachers, they just want you to have a good day. That’s why they’re so hard on you."
They’re ‘hard’ on the students, says Arlington Park Principal Nikia Smith, because they want them to excel, adding that homelessness is no excuse for low expectations.
"The expectations for learning are still there, and expectations we’ll get them close to the level of proficiency for testing as any of our students who’ve been here all year is still a very big thing we have to deal with," says Smith.
But homeless students have more than academic issues to deal with, says first-grade teacher Jacqueline Smith. It's difficult for their parents to worry about school supplies when they're not sure where their next meal is coming from.
"I needed to adapt, adapting to where I realized I had to go out sometimes and buy the comb, buy the brush, buy the lotion. Have it in my drawer," she says. "They come and their hair wasn’t combed. I had to comb their hair. I had to have wipes, 'Go in the bathroom and wash your face.' In a way, I became mom."
Smith expects to stay at Arlington Park until she retires, because she says, these students are like her kids.
That personalized attention might be paying off. The school’s rank among Texas schools - based on student performance on math and reading tests - keeps improving.
Principal Nikia Smith says it’s not the child’s fault a parent is out of work, on drugs or in jail. But their home situation shouldn’t affect what happens at school. At Arlington Park, she says, students will learn and everyone will defy the odds so they can shine.
