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託福閱讀刷題步驟

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爲了幫助大家熟悉託福閱讀,爲大家帶來託福閱讀該如何正確刷題一文,希望對大家託福備考有所幫助。

ing-bottom: 75%;">託福閱讀刷題步驟

託福閱讀刷題步驟

有懂得計劃安排的大學生童鞋問老師:剛剛接觸託福,有半年時間備考,要不要每天刷一套TPO閱讀題?

題,當然是要刷的,但是要真正合理有效地備考,不是每天刷一套就行的。教學中,老師們只要讓童鞋講一下某個句子的具體意思或是做一點翻譯就會發現,很多時候同學就算題做對了,對文章內容的理解還是存在各種各樣的偏差。

這些理解偏差,在句內層面上主要是對某些多義詞在語境中意思的誤解,對特定句式、句型和固定表達的誤解、對邏輯關係的篡改等,在句間和段落層面上則是對層次、觀點展開順序的忽視以及由句內理解偏差累積形成的對文章整體內容把握的偏差。可能它們在某道題、某篇文章裏,沒有影響到做對題目,但是從閱讀的目的——獲取知識和信息——來講,還是非常有害的。況且,就算從考試得分角度來講或許也是跑得了初一跑不了十五,下次考試就造成丟分呢。所以,在做完題目,對完答案,搞明白具體錯題原因後,應該至少還有兩件事情:

一是重新精讀文章,藉助詞典搞清其中的生詞並收集常用意思及相關搭配,再借助譯文,檢驗自己對每一句的理解,若發現理解錯的短語、句型,則去搜索更多同類例句,直到搞明白,再挑典型、簡明的例句收集。

以OG文章Applied Arts and Fine Arts爲例,它的第一段前三句如下:

Paragraph 1:Although we now tend to refer to the various crafts according to the materialsused to construct them—clay, glass, wood, fiber, and metal—it was once commonto think of crafts in terms of function, which led to their being known as the"applied arts." Approaching crafts from the point of view offunction, we can divide them into simple categories: containers, shelters and supports. There is no way around the fact that containers, shelters and supports must be functional. ...

這短短三句話就有很多“營養”可“吸”。首先是tend to do sth “傾向於做某事”、refer to sth “言及、指稱”,接下來是it do sth這種it做形式主語的句式,還有in terms of sth “就某物而言”這個閱讀和口語中都非常有用的短語,以及which引導的非限制性定語從句提供補充性信息。細心的同學可能會發現,"applied arts."的句號在引號裏面,可能生出疑問:不是應該在外面嗎?不是的,這種結尾有引號的情況下,要把前面的標點包進去,SAT文法裏就有考這個。

接下來的approach這裏作動詞“應對、處理”解。這個詞有很多文章可作,可以作動詞,本意是“(物理上)靠近、接近”,又可以指“(在性質或特點上)接近”,還能指“(爲求助或提供某事物)接近某人”(這個用法在SAT文法可汗診斷題Toshio Fukuda那篇文章第二段末尾就出現過);approach還可以作名詞,指“接近”、“通道”、“方法手段”等。後面的craft文中來看應該是“手工藝製品”,它還可以指“艦、船”,比如aircraft、 spacecraft ,作動詞時指“精工製作”。

這句裏還有from the point of view of “從某個觀點出發”,是不是也可以借鑑到寫作中去?最後還有個there is no way around the fact that的表達,每個單詞都認識,但是放到一起就讓人鬱悶,因爲大多數同學只知道noway是“沒門,沒辦法”,後面再加上“圍繞着這個事實”幹嘛呀?其實根據上文和下一段開頭,或許隱約可以感覺到這裏there is no way around the fact that是指後面從句裏的內容是“無可辯駁”的,不過感覺不到的話,就藉助網絡或者詞典查出來吧。

另外一件需要做的事情,主要是關於觀點層次和句子作用分析的,其中句子作用重點關注“舉例”(做多了同學們就會明白爲什麼重點關注“舉例”了)。

我們繼續蹂躪那篇文章,用不同顏色標記(紅色表示“文章級觀點層次”,藍色表示“段落級觀點層次”,黃色表示“舉例”)出觀點層次和句子作用,as is demonstrated below: (這裏插一句,經驗之談,通常應該先閱讀每段的首2末1句,整體判斷文章結構和內容;這篇文章實際有點“非主流”,不是常見的“總-分”或者“總-分-總”,而是“分-總”,大多數同學可以從尋找第一段的“段落級觀點層次”入手,聰明的同學或許已經想到可以先看末段瞭解文章最終觀點,當然單詞和句式不能理解錯。)

Applied Arts and Fine Arts

Although we now tend to refer to the various crafts according to the materials used to construct them—clay, glass, wood, fiber, and metal—it was once common to think of crafts in terms of function, which led to their being known as the "applied arts."Approaching crafts from the point of view of function, we can divide them into simple categories: containers, shelters and supports. There is no way around the fact that containers, shelters, and supports must be functional. The applied arts are thus bound by the laws of physics, which pertain to both the materials used in their making and the substances and things to be contained, supported, and sheltered. These laws are universal in their application, regardless of cultural beliefs, geography, or a pot has no bottom or has large openings in its sides, it could hardly be considered a container inany traditional sense. Since the laws of physics, not some arbitrary decision, have determined the general form of applied-art objects, they follow basic patterns, so much so that functional forms can vary only within certain limits. Buildings without roofs, for example, are unusual because they depart from the norm. However, not all functional objects are exactly alike;that is why we recognize a Shang Dynasty vase as being different from an Inca vase. What varies is not the basic form but the incidental details that do not obstruct the object's primary function.

Sensitivity to physical laws is thus an important consideration for the maker of applied-art objects. It is often taken for granted that this is also true for the maker offine-art objects. This assumption misses a significant difference between the two disciplines. Fine-art objects are not constrained by the laws of physics in the same way that applied-art objectsare. Because their primary purpose is not functional, they are only limited interms of the materials used to make them. Sculptures must, for example, be stable, which requires an understanding of the properties of mass, weight distribution, and stress. Paintings must have rigid stretchers so that the canvas will be taut, and the paint must not deteriorate, crack, or discolor. These are problems that must be overcome by the artist because they tend to intrude upon his or her conception of the work. For example, in the early Italian Renaissance, bronze statues of horses with a raised foreleg usually had a cannonball under that hoof. This was done because the cannonball was needed to support the weight of the leg. In other words, the demands of the laws of physics, not the sculptor's aesthetic intentions, placed the ball there. That this device was a necessary structural compromise is clear from the fact that the cannonball quickly disappeared when sculptors learned how to strengthen the internal structure of a statue with iron braces (iron being much stronger than bronze).

Even though the fine arts in the twentieth century often treat materialsin new ways, the basic difference in attitude of artists in relation to their materials in the fine arts and the applied arts remains relatively constant. It would therefore not be too great an exaggeration to say that practitioners of the fine arts work to overcome the limitations of their materials, whereas those engaged in the applied arts work in concert with their materials.

細心的同學可能發現了的,同時也是需要說明的是:文章級別的觀點層次不一定總在“首2末1”範圍,畢竟寫文章的人是活的,段首可能多寫了一點鋪墊性或者過渡性語句;第二段出現了紅色和藍色重疊的內容,原因是它們既是本段內的觀點層次,又表達了文章級別的觀點層次;舉例總是依附於觀點層次,因爲目的是支持它們嘛。

讀到這裏,不知童鞋有沒有感覺到,每天一篇就已經是不小的“食量”了,當初自己想在備考早期就每天一套TPO地刷題是有點細思極恐的事情。要用好TPO閱讀文章,應該像OG另一篇文章Feeding Habits of East AfricanHerbivores裏的ruminants那樣,充分吸收每篇文章的營養,才能紮實地進步。

託福閱讀提分的五個步驟

閱讀部分是整個托福考試的重點,可以說雖然有單獨的閱讀考試但是對其他聽力、寫作部分的考驗也是建立在閱讀能力的基礎上。如何提高閱讀能力,在閱讀部分取得高分也是衆多小夥伴平時重點關注的部分,在這裏小編與大家分享一些小技巧,希望可以幫助童鞋們取得好成績。

1.略讀

略讀時抓出文章的主題、時間、任務等重要信息能夠迅速掌握文章的大意和段落大意。然後再閱讀問題,根據問題迅速定位答案所在段落進行精讀。

2.充分利用上下文語境

在考試過程中,我們通常不會也不可能認識所有的單詞或看懂所有的句子,遇到這種情況,不要驚慌,學會從上下文已知信息中構建完整的文章結構,對句意進行合理推測。

3.閱讀時隨手記筆記

閱讀時將每一段文章大意用1 3個詞標記出來。對於長篇幅的文章就可以在略讀一遍之後迅速掌握文章整體大意,實際上這也是構建基本大綱的過程。這個過程對於提高做題速度和正確率都有很大幫助。

4.學會猜題

對於托福考試而言,錯題也是不扣分的,考試的時候留白也是很不明智的。

5.閱讀

大量閱讀是準備托福考試最簡單最有效的方式。無論是什麼主題、什麼題材都可以作爲補充的閱讀素材。多多閱讀書、報紙、雜誌、網站文章可以提高閱讀能力、擴充知識面。

託福閱讀備考高效刷題3大核心思路

一說起託福閱讀備考,幾乎每個考生都會聯想到做練習上。的確,託福備考無論哪個題型都離不開做題積累經驗技巧,但刷題也需要講究方法細節。無腦題海的備考效率其實不算高。如何才能高效刷題提升託福閱讀實力?下面小編就爲大家做具體講解。

刷題資料的選擇

現在我們有很多托福考試相關的資料,從OG到TPO,再到機經,似乎讓人無從下手。我認爲,可以從閱讀的水平來進行選擇,比如如果分數在20分以下,那麼可以從OG文章的閱讀開始,再進入TPO,如果在20分以上,可以從TPO中等難度的文章開始,如果在25分以上,可以從TPO和機經中較難的文章開始,並結合平時的泛讀訓練。而對於一些較新的閱讀題和文章,則應該慎重選擇,因爲很可能在文章內容和出題方面都有錯誤。

熟悉閱讀十大題型的解題思路和方法

進入刷題階段後,我們必須要對閱讀考試的題型非常熟悉,並要瞭解相應的解題思路和技巧,但同時要防止過分注重解題技巧,而忽略上文所提到的詞彙和語法方面的閱讀技能訓練,這樣,就會本末倒置,閱讀能力得不到提高,分數也是一樣。

學科背景知識的瞭解

在平時的刷題訓練中,可以把文章重新洗牌,按照學科進行歸類,做完題目後,精讀文章,掌握學科相關的詞彙,並從中找到學科背景知識的一些規律,這樣,在考試中可以做到融會貫通,遇到類似的學科知識不至於太陌生而不知所云。

新託福閱讀真題分享

想要更好地拿到託福閱讀的高分成績,那麼在平時的複習中,我們還是多進行真題的練習。刷題是一方面,另外一方民就是多瞭解一些近期考試的真題,這樣能夠擴充我們的題庫,瞭解最新的閱讀文章的背景知識,也有助於我們更好地提升閱讀水平。

託福閱讀考試日期:

2018年9月16日

新託福閱讀題目回憶:

學科分類:生物類

題目:birds evolution- flight

內容回憶:

第一段:背景引入進化理論,設計到了很多動物的進化改變,最後尤其強調了鳥的進化比較特別,因爲鳥開始具備了飛翔能力

第二段:主要涉及到鳥爲了能夠實現飛行進化上的改變:尤其涉及到Skelton上的進化,爲了讓自己飛行,鳥的bone是空的。

第三段:主要涉及鳥爲了飛行,自己翅膀的改變,很大,但是很輕,既可以確保有力量也可以讓身體很輕

第五段: 主要論述人們製造飛機是因爲來自鳥飛行的一些靈感,具體展開論述了哪些方面帶去的啓發