英國名校作弊翻倍 利用“論文作坊”學生越來越多
最新調查顯示，英國一些名校的作弊現象翻倍，除了傳統的作弊行爲外，利用“論文作坊”的學生越來越多。英國大學校長們呼籲取締“論文作坊”。
Cheating at some leading universities has more than doubled in the past five years, new figures show as Russell Group institutions admit they are struggling to police so-called “essay mills”.
最新數據顯示，過去5年來，英國一些頂尖大學的作弊現象翻倍。羅素大學集團承認，他們正在努力監管所謂的“論文作坊”。
Russell Group：羅素大學集團，由英國最頂尖的24所世界一流研究型大學組成
police[pəˈliːs]：vt.監督
The number of students formally investigated for academic malpractice has quadrupled at Leeds University, from 127 in 2014/15 to 516 last year, according to figures obtained by The Telegraph under freedom of information requests.
英國《每日電訊報》根據自由信息法案得到的數據顯示，利茲大學正式調查的涉及學術不端行爲的學生人數翻了兩番，從2014-2015年度的127人增至去年的516人。
Meanwhile, the number at Nottingham University almost trebled from 195 to 514 over the same period, and more than doubled at Queen Mary University London from 104 to 248.
在同一時期，諾丁漢大學因學術不端受調查的學生人數也幾乎增長到原來的3倍，從195人增至514人。倫敦瑪麗女王大學也翻了一倍多，從104人增加到248人。
It comes amid a rise in the use of “essay mills”, where companies offer essay-writing services for a fee. Also known as “contract cheating”, it is particularly difficult to spot since the essays are written by humans rather than machines and often tailored for individual subjects.
其中，利用“論文作坊”的學生越來越多。“論文作坊”是指收費代寫論文的公司，這一行爲也被稱爲“合同作弊”。 由於論文是由人而非機器代寫，且通常會按照要求“量身定做”，這種作弊情況常常很難被發現。
Some universities have seen decline in traditional plagiarism but this now being replaced by contract cheating, figures show.
數據顯示，雖然一些大學的傳統抄襲現象有所減少，但其實是被這種“合同作弊”所取代。
plagiarism [ˈpleɪdʒərɪzəm]：n.剽竊
Georgian campus located in the heart of academic London, Britain. [Photo/]
Despite overall academic misconduct decreasing by 27 percent over five years at Cardiff University, there has been a 73 percent rise in “collusion” offences, where students pay their peers to do their work for them or hire professional services.
在英國卡迪夫大學，5年來整體學術不端行爲下降27%，但諸如付費給同學或僱傭專業服務代寫作業這種“串通作案”卻增加了73%。
Essay mills are illegal in some countries and vice-Chancellors have called for essay mills to be outlawed in the UK, amid fears they are undermining the integrity of degree courses.
“論文作坊”在一些國家是非法的，英國大學校長們呼籲取締“論文作坊”，因爲他們擔心這會破壞學位課程的誠信。
As many as one in seven recent graduates may have cheated by using essay mills during the last four years, according to a recent study.
根據一項最新研究，在過去四年中，多達七分之一的應屆畢業生可能通過“論文作坊”作弊。
Universities concede that it is hard to spot culprits, with a Manchester University spokesman saying: “Contract cheating is a difficult area to police and there are a number of external services marketing themselves to students around this area.”
多所大學承認很難找出作弊者。曼徹斯特大學的一位發言人說：“合同作弊是一個很難監管的領域，有很多外部機構向學生推銷自己的服務。”
Experts have warned that essay mills have become more common in recent years, with labour being outsourced to unemployed university graduates in countries like Kenya, India and Pakistan.
專家警告說，“論文作坊”近年來變得越來越普遍，這些工作被“外包”給肯尼亞、印度和巴基斯坦等國的失業大學畢業生。
Dr Irene Glendinning, an academic manager at Coventry University and vice president European Network for Academic Integrity said these figures are just the tip of the iceberg since so many instances go unnoticed.
考文垂大學學術主管、歐洲學術誠信網絡副總裁艾琳•格蘭丁尼博士表示，這些數據只是冰山一角，因爲很多事例都沒有引起人們的注意。
She added that students are being “bombarded” with advertisements for essay mills on social media as well as on campus.
她補充說，學生們在社交媒體和校園裏被“論文作坊”的廣告“轟炸”。
All Russell Group universities said they take academic misconduct cases extremely seriously, and that the number of students investigated remains low.
羅素大學集團的所有大學都表示，他們非常重視學術不端事件，被調查的學生人數仍然很少。
A number are implementing new strategies in an attempt to crack down on essay mills. Manchester University said it has recently added new clauses to its plagiarism procedures to specifically cover essay mills, while University College London said that from the start of this academic year, they can now viva students suspected on contract cheating.
目前，一些英國大學正在實施新策略來打擊“論文作坊”。 曼徹斯特大學表示，該校最近在作弊條例中增加了新條款，專門應對論文代寫的情況。倫敦大學學院也表示，從本學年開始，學校將對疑似“合同作弊”的學生進行口試。
viva[ˈviːvə; ˈvaɪvə]：n.口頭測驗，口試
A Nottingham University spokesman said: “the best way to tackle essay mills is for the government to legislate against them and block their webpages at a national level”.
諾丁漢大學的一名發言人說：“對付論文作坊的最好辦法是政府立法禁止他們，並在全國範圍內屏蔽他們的網頁。”
