託福閱讀評分標準:託福閱讀分數到底咋算

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託福閱讀評分標準:託福閱讀分數到底咋算

託福閱讀評分標準不知道大家了不瞭解，弄清楚託福閱讀是怎麼算分的也有助於大家在答題時有清晰的認識，比如要捨棄一些題時，選擇哪一個才划算。

新託福閱讀文章共有三篇,每篇有12-14道題,如果遇到加試，會從考試的五篇文章中隨機選取三篇計分。這三篇文章中所有回答正確的題目數量加起來就是你的閱讀總分。除重要觀點題和歸類題以外，每道題的分值都是1分，重要觀點題的分值可能是2分，歸類題爲3或4分。考試所得分數範圍:0-30分。

託福閱讀解答方案：表格題型

格題分爲兩大類：總結表格題和對比表格題。

總結表格題

相對而言， 總結表格題的出現頻率要高於對比表格題，這是由它們自身特點，出題方式和原文是否具備對比對照關係這三方面的因素決定的。

1、題的出題模式有兩種：

一種是針對全文內容出題，答案由全文的主題，細節和重點支持段落的概述三部分組成。另外一種是針對文章中的重點支持性段落出題，答案由這些重點支持性段落主題，段落結論，以及重點支持性例子的概述三部分組成。這裏我們重點看第一種出題模式。

我們來看一個例子，

The Atlantic Cod Fishery

Off the northeastern shore of North America, from the island ofNewfoundland in Canada south to new England in the United States, there is aseries of shallow areas called banks. Several large banks off Newfoundland aretogether called Grand Banks, huge shoals on the edge of North Americancontinental shelf, where the warm waters of the Gulf Stream meet the cold watersof Labrador Current. As the currents brush each other, they stir up mineral fromthe ocean floor, providing nutrients for plankton and tiny shrimp-like creaturescalled krill, which feed on the plankton. Herring and other small fish rise tothe surface to eat the krill. Groundfish, such as the Atlantic cod, live in theocean’s bottom layer, congregating in the shallow waters where they prey onkrill and small fish. This rich environment has produced cod by the millions andonce had a greater density of cod than anywhere else on Earth.

Beginning in the eleventh century, boats from the ports of north westernEurope arrived to fish the Grand Banks. For the next eight centuries, the entireNewfoundland economy taking fish back to European markets. Cod laid out to dryon wooden “flakes” was a common sight in the fishing villages dotting the lers in the region used to think the only sea creature worth talking aboutwas cod, and in the local speech the word “fish” became synonymous with oundland’s national dish was a pudding whose main ingredient was cod.

By the nineteenth century, the Newfoundland fishery was largely controlledby merchants based in the capital at St. John’s. They marketed the catchsupplied by the fishers working out of more than 600 villages around the longcoastline. In return, the merchants provided fishing equipment, clothing, andall the food that could not be grown in the island’s thin, rocky soil. Thissystem kept the fishers in a continuous state of debt and dependence on themerchants.

Until the twentieth century, fishers believed in the cod’s ability toreplenish itself and thought that overfishing was impossible. However,Newfoundland’s cod fishery began to show signs of trouble during the 1930s, whencod failed to support the fishers and thousands were unemployed. The slumplasted for the next few decades. Then when an international agreement decided tobuild up the modern Grand Banks fleet and make fishing a viable economic basefor Newfoundland again. All of Newfoundland’s seafood companies were merged intoone conglomerate. By the 1980s, the conglomerate was prospering, and cod werecommanding excellent prices in the market. Consequently, there was a significantincrease in the number of fishers and fish—processing plant workers.

However, while the offshore fishery was prospering, the inshore fishermenfound their catches dropping off. In 1992, the Canadian government responded byclosing the Grand Banks to groundfishing. Newfoundland’s cod fishing andprocessing industries were shut down in a bid to let the vanishing stocksrecover. The moratorium was extended in 1994, when all of the Atlantic codfisheries in Canada were closed, except for one in Nova Scotia, and strictquotas were placed on other species of groundfish. Canada’s cod fishing industrycollapsed, and around 40,000 fishers and other industry workers were put out ofwork.

Atlantic cod stocks had once been so plentiful that early explorers jokedabout walking on the backs of the teeming fish. Today, cod stocks are athistorically low levels and show no signs of imminent recovery, even afterdrastic conservation measures and severely limited fishing. Fishermen oftenblame the diminishing stocks on seals, which prey on cod and other species, butscientists believe that decades of overfishing are to blame. Studies on fishpopulations have shown that cod disappeared from Newfoundland at the same timethat stocks started rebuilding in Norway, raising the possibility that the codhad migrated. Still, no one can predict whether and when the cod will return tothe Grand Banks. ]

An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is providedbelow. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that expressthe most important ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minorideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points

The Atlantic cod fishery has shaped Newfoundland’s economy forcenturies.

1、Cod fishing was so successful that few people considered the possibilityof overfishing until fish stocks fell.

2、Despite severe limits on fishing, cod stocks remain at low levels andshow few signs of recovery.

3、The Canadian government tried to diversity Newfoundland’s economy in the1980s

Answer Choices

(1)Atlantic cod stocks were once plentiful in the rich environment aroundthe Grand Banks.

(2)The Atlantic cod is a groundfish that preys on herring and small fishthat eat krill.

(3)Cod fishing was so successful that few people considered the possibilityof overfishing until fish stocks fell.

(4)The Canadian government tried to diversity Newfoundland’s economy in the1980s.

(5)Despite severe limits on fishing, cod stocks remain at low levels andshow few signs of recovery.

(6)Newfoundland exports millions of dollars worth of crab and othershellfish every year.

解題基本思路：首先確定這個題目屬於總結表格題，其主題爲The Atlantic cod fishery has shapedNewfoundland’s economy forcenturies.(鱈魚漁業帶動了紐芬蘭經濟發展已經有好幾個世紀。)後面三個分論點的內容都是圍繞這個論點展開：因爲漁業的發達人們忽略了過度捕殺來的問題;儘管採取各種限制捕殺政策，鱈魚的庫存還是不斷減少而其數量也沒有回升的跡象;加拿大政府從20世紀80年代開始想辦法來繁榮紐芬蘭的經濟。通過對上面這些句子和主題的分析，我們已經可以猜出文章的主要內容，人們的過度捕殺導致自己的經濟來源-鱈魚數量不斷減少。根據這個理解然後看答案。根據文章內容，我們知道選項A ，C， E與文章的內容和題目表格內容相符合。其中B內容在文章中有，但是不符合，D的內容也是正確的，但是與E相比，E更合適，而F 直接排除掉。

2、總結表格題做題三大步驟：

判斷題目類型(全文型還是段落型)--------------根據題目類型找主題、細節和支持性段落/事例--------採用排除法找出正確答案。

對比表格題

對比表格題都會有明確的對比項，也就是在文章中幾個不同事物之間相對比。

這類型的題目相對於總結表格題來說簡單。只要按照文章題目的要求，返回原文去找和要求意思相近的答案就可以了。其具體解題方法和總結表格題相同，所以這裏就不贅述了。

總之，判斷題目類型(總結表格題和對比表格題)--------------根據題目類型找主題、細節和支持性段落/事例--------採用排除法找出正確答案是解決這類問題的最佳策略。

託福閱讀解答方案：修飾目的題型

新託福閱讀考試中還有一種題型是修飾目的題，在一定程度上也叫例證題，主要考查考生透過表面特定的修辭方法/方式發掘潛在的目的能力，一般來說，問題會要求考生理解爲什麼作者在文章中用某些詞，詞組和句子。在IBT閱讀考試中往往會有3-4個修飾目的題。

1、託福閱讀修辭目的題的兩種考察形式：

在閱讀考試中，這類題目有兩種不同的考察形式：一種是給出修辭手段問目的，另一種是給出修辭目的問手段。

其常見的題目形式如下：

The author uses X as an example of…

Why does the author mention X?

Why does the author compare … to …?

Why does the author use the word … in discussing…?

The author discusses X in paragraph X in order to…

The author uses X as an example of…

2、託福閱讀修辭目的題解題技巧

找出這些修辭方法所用的關鍵詞，例如定義中所用的同位語;描述事物大小、形狀的形容詞和名詞;舉例用的詞，如，for instance，forexample， in other words;用來解釋的詞語，如because，this is why，due to等。

我們來看一個例子：

One of the most puzzling aspects of the paintings is their location. Otherrock paintings，for example， those of Bushmen in South Africa are either locatednear cave entrances or completely in the open. Cave paintings in France andSpain， however， are in recesses and caverns far removed from original caveentrances.

Why does the author mention Bushmen in South Africa in paragraph 2?

To suggest that ancient artists from all over the world painted animals onrocks

To contrast the location of their rock paintings to those found atLascaux

To support the claim that early artists worked in cramped spaces

To give an example of other artists who painted in hidden locations

首先分析問題題目，找出其中的關鍵詞：Bushmen in South Africa.之後回到原文看其前後的句子，找到原文的關鍵詞forexample，通過分析知道，這一例子的目的是爲了說明它前面的那句話，即這些繪畫的位置令人費解。作者以對比的手法來說明這一點：Bushmen in SouthAfrica的繪畫常位於洞口或洞外，而法國和西班牙的洞穴繪畫(本文所說的繪畫)卻位於遠離最初洞口的深處。由此可見，Bushmen in SouthAfrica的例子是爲了說明Lascaux繪畫位置的怪異。第二個選項符合此意，爲正確答案。

總之，解決這類問題的步驟可以總結爲：分析問題題目找出關鍵詞，返回原文找原文中的關鍵詞，理解上下文得出答案。