託福閱讀與四六級閱讀難易度差距分析
對於很多備考託福的學生來說，也有很多人是大學生，也就是剛剛經歷過四六級的英語考試。在備考託福的時候，往往也是很想了解一下，在託福閱讀考試中，其難度究竟和英語四六級考試有何差異呢?下面我們就爲大家詳細分析一下。
託福閱讀與四六級閱讀難易度差距分析
分段閱讀做題，省去“掃讀”的時間
在四六級考試中，閱讀時間也很少，雖然單詞相對簡單，但是篇幅較長，逐字閱讀肯定是沒有時間的，所以做題技巧中掃讀是很重要的環節，目的是找到與題目相關的段落或者語句才能找到做題依據。而在托福考試中，是每閱讀完一段就做只涉及該段的題目，信息集中，重要的是節省了大量的時間，緩解了託福閱讀文章通篇的眩暈感。而這部分題目就是四六級中常說的細節題。
文章說明性強，生詞不必怕
託福閱讀考試中對單詞量的要求還是很大的，即使單詞量很大了，也難免會遇上生僻詞的情況，而托福考試中選用的文章說明性特別強，往往是自定義 — 自解釋的模式，遇到生詞，即使不知道什麼意思，也可以根據上下文語境弄清它們之間的關係，運用邏輯推理的方法作出正確的答案。其次，還可以分析選項，進行對比，往往會發現選項中通常會出現兩個意思相反的選項，此時再仔細重讀原文就可以排除錯誤選項了。
近義詞選擇有技巧
幾乎每段中都會有生詞意思辨析題，有些詞考生一看就認識，這樣的題目就很容易了，但是也不能粗心大意，如果時間富裕或者把握不大，可以把選項帶入文章中檢查一遍。對於那些不認識的詞彙，也是有許多技巧的。首先是分析詞性，採用排除法排除詞性不一致的選項。其次是用代入法。選項中給出的詞意一般就是考生認識的，將選項帶入，分析一下是否能夠保證原文合情合理，通順。
分段閱讀打基礎，全篇文章心裏明
在分段閱讀的同時，可以記下關鍵詞或者中心句，在文章結束時就可以有根據回想起整篇文章的脈絡結構，邏輯關係，對14題的選擇有很大幫助。同時題目中也明確給了做題方法，即沒有提到的信息或者不重要的觀點就可以排除了。
總之，由此我們可以看出，託福的閱讀考試，雖然在詞彙量和內容量上要高於四六級考試。同時，其閱讀內容更加註重邏輯性，所以我們在備考的過程中，要更爲講求方法的應對。
託福閱讀TPO32第3篇:熱帶蜂羣的分佈
【1】In 1977 ecologists Stephen Hubbell and Leslie Johnson recorded a dramatic example of how social interactions can produce and enforce regular spacing in a population. They studied competition and nest spacing in populations of stingless bees in tropical dry forests in Costa Rica. Though these bees do no sting, rival colonies of some species fight fiercely over potential nesting sites.
Stingless bees are abundant in tropical and subtropical environments, where they gather nectar and pollen from a wide variety of flowers. They generally nest in trees and live in colonies made up of hundreds to thousands of workers. Hubbell and Johnson observed that some species of stingless bees are highly aggressive to members of their species from other colonies, while other species are not. Aggressive species usually forage in groups and feed mainly on flowers that occur in high-density clumps. Nonaggressive species feed singly or in small groups and on more widely distributed flowers.
【2】Hubbell and Johnson studied several species of stingless bees to determine whether there is a relationship between aggressiveness and patterns of colony distribution. They predicted that the colonies of aggressive species would show regular distributions, while those of nonaggressive species would show random or closely grouped (clumped) distribution. They concentrated their studies on a thirteen-hectare tract of tropical dry forest that contained numerous nests of nine species of stingless bees.
【3】Though Hubbell and Johnson were interested in how bee behavior might affect colony distributions, they recognized that the availability of potential nest sites for colonies could also affect distributions. So as one of the first steps in their study, they mapped the distributions of trees suitable for nesting. They found that potential nest trees were distributed randomly through the study area. They also found that the number of potential nest sites was much greater than the number of bee colonies. What did these measurements show the researchers? The number of colonies in the study area was not limited by availability of suitable trees, and a clumped or regular distribution of colonies was not due to an underlying clumped or regular distribution of potential nest sites.
【4】Hubbell and Johnson mapped the nests of five of the nine species of stingless bees accurately, and the nests of four of these species were distributed regularly. All four species with regular nest distributions were highly aggressive to bees from other colonies of their own species. The fifth species was not aggressive, and its nests were randomly distributed over the study area.
【5】The researchers also studied the process by which the aggressive species establish new colonies. Their observations provide insights into the mechanisms that establish and maintain the regular nest distribution of these species. Aggressive species apparently mark prospective nest sites with pheromones, chemical substances secreted by some animals for communication with other members of their species. The pheromone secreted by these stingless bees attracts and aggregates members of their colony to the prospective nest site; however, it also attracts workers from other nests.
【6】If workers from two different colonies arrive at the prospective nest at the same time, they may fight for possession. Fights may be escalated into protracted battles. The researchers observed battles over a nest tree that lasted for two weeks. Each dawn, fifteen to thirty workers from two competing colonies arrived at the contested nest site. The workers from the two colonies faced off in two swarms and displayed and fought with each other. In the displays, pairs of bees faced each other, slowly flew vertically to a height of about three meters, and then grappled each other to the ground. When the two bees hit the ground, they separated, faced off, and performed another aerial display. Bees did not appear to be injured in these fights, which were apparently ritualized. The two swarms abandoned the battle at about 8 or 9 a.m. each morning, only to re-form and begin again the next day just after dawn. While this contest over an unoccupied nest site produced no obvious mortality, fights over occupied nestssometimes kill over 1,000 bees in a single battle.
託福閱讀TPO32第3篇題目:熱帶蜂羣的分佈
word "rival" in the passage (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to
blished.
eting.
by.
erent.
rding to paragraph 2, some species of stingless bees are aggressive mainly toward
-aggressive bees that forage on the same flowers.
essive bees of other species.
from their own colony.
of their own species from different colonies.
rding to paragraph 3, Hubbell and Johnson hypothesized that
distribution pattern of bee colonies determines the degree of aggressiveness the bees display.
s of nonaggressive bees have either a random or a clumped distribution, while nests of aggressive bees have a regular distribution.
s of nonaggressive bees are generally both closer together and more regularly distributed than those of aggressive bees.
s of aggressive bees tend to be more regular in shape than those of non-aggressive bees.
rding to paragraph 4, why did Hubbell and Johnson begin their study by mapping all the potential nest sites?
determine whether the availability of potential nest sites played a role in the distribution of bee colonies.
know exactly where in the study area the colonies of all the different bee species were located.
be sure that suitable nesting sites were equally available in all parts of the study area.
find out whether different species of bees preferred different types of trees as potential nest sites.
h of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
limited number of colonies was not due to the distribution or availability of potential nesting sites.
e was no lack of suitable trees or potential nesting sites in the study area.
number of nests was directly related to the number or the distribution of suitable trees.
her the number nor the distribution of colonies could be explained by the availability of suitable nest sites.
rding to paragraph 5, Hubbell and Johnson determined
order in which the colonies in the study area had been established.
level of aggressiveness of each of the nine species.
distribution pattern of the nests of five of the nine species.
number of colonies of each of the nine species.
does the author indicate that "The fifth species was not aggressive, and its nests were randomly distributed over the study area"(paragraph 5)?
identify research results that contradicted Hubbell and Johnson's original hypothesis.
indicate that research results confirmed that nest distribution was related to aggressiveness.
introduce the hypothesis that, within the same species, not all colonies are aggressive.
point out that both aggressive and nonaggressive species are equally successful at finding nest sites.
phrase "insights into〃 in the passage (paragraph 6) is closest in meaning to
s to study.
rtunities for.
ence of.
understanding of.
rding to paragraph 6, what is one result of using pheromones to mark nest sites?
use of pheromones tends to result in nest clumping.
omones attract animals other than bees to prospective nest sites.
omones tend to make bees aggressive.
omones secreted by bees of one colony also attract bees of other colonies.
word "escalated" in the passage (paragraph 7) is closest in meaning to
nsified.
sformed.
ined.
thened.
graph 7 supports which of the following ideas about fights over occupied nests?
are more violent than battles over unoccupied nest sites.
mostly occur between colonies of different species.
are more frequent than battles over unoccupied sites.
last longer than battles over unoccupied sites do.
12. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where does the sentence best fit? For example, a clumped distribution of nests might simply reflect a clumped distribution of suitable nesting sites.
Though Hubbell and Johnson were interested in how bee behavior might affect colony distributions, they recognized that the availability of potential nest sites for colonies could also affect distributions.■【A】So as one of the first steps in their study, they mapped the distributions of trees suitable for nesting.■【B】They found that potential nest trees were distributed randomly through the study area.■【C】They also found that the number of potential nest sites was much greater than the number of bee colonies.■【D】What did these measurements show the researchers? The number of colonies in the study area was not limited by availability of suitable trees, and a clumped or regular distribution of colonies was not due to an underlying clumped or regular distribution of potential nest sites.
ct from the seven sentences below the three sentences that correctly characterize aggressive species of stingless bees and the two sentences that correctly characterize nonaggressive species.
s are regularly distributed.
s are sometimes located close together.
s always occur in large clumps.
nies are generally made up of fewer than 100 workers.
ers of a colony feed alone or in small groups.
feed mainly on flowers that grow in high-density clumps.
spacing is maintained by fighting nonaggressive Stingless Bees.
託福閱讀TPO32第3篇答案:熱帶蜂羣的分佈
l 競爭的，對應B。
2.該段第三句：aggressive to members of their species from other colonies。
3.該段第二句：他們預測攻擊性種羣有規則分佈然而非攻擊性種羣展現出隨機或成羣分佈。
4.該段第一句：他們意識到潛在的巢穴也會影響分佈。
5.原句表達了兩個意思: 1. 實際巢穴的數量不受潛在數量的限制; 2 成羣還是規則分佈也不受潛在巢穴的分佈樣式的影響。A選項錯在limited number of colonies，原句沒有提到;B選項錯在於原句意思完全無關;C選項錯在意思與原句相反;
D選項neither nor的兩個否定完全表現出了原句中關係，正確。
6.該段第一句前半句：準確描述了9個巢穴中的5個巢穴的樣式。
7.4個巢穴規則樣式，其蜜蜂就有攻擊性;1個巢穴隨機樣式，其蜜蜂就沒有表示出攻擊性，即肯定了前文的預測。
ght 洞察力，領悟，對應D。
9.該段最後一句;分泌出信息素同樣可以吸引其他巢穴的工蜂。
late 升級，上升;對應A選項，intensify(使)增強，(使)加劇。
11.該段最後一句: 爭奪空巢的戰鬥沒有明顯的傷亡，然而爭奪已佔巢穴會造成屍橫遍野。
12.題幹for example表明是個例子，只要將其放在對應的觀點句後即可。巢穴的成羣分佈反應了合適巢穴的成羣分佈，對應第一句的觀點句。
13.A選項對應第5段第2句;
B選項對應第3段第2句和第5段第2句，所以sometimes正確;
C選項錯在always;
D選項是原文中沒有明確說明的信息;
E選項對應第2段最後1句;
F選項對應第2段倒數第2句;
G選項對應第6，7段。
