雅思閱讀和託福閱讀哪個難
雅思和托福考試中，都有聽說讀寫的考試科目。那麼對於閱讀部分而言，到底是雅思閱讀難，還是託福閱讀難呢?具體的兩部分的考察有什麼區別呢?到底哪部分的難度更大呢?下面小編爲大家整理了詳細的內容，供大家參考!
雅思閱讀和託福閱讀哪個難?
雅思閱讀詞彙量要求6000，主要有8種題型：matching、multiple choice、list of headings、T/F/NG、summary、sentence completion、short answer、table。這8種題型我是按照由難至簡的順序排列的，matching不僅對詞彙量要求是最高的，關鍵需要很強的語言理解能力和定位能力，而最簡單的table題屬於送分題，只要抓住定位詞和考點詞的同義替換，答案很明顯。雅思閱讀的文章長度平均每篇是900字以上，最多可至1500字左右，但是雅思閱讀考查的核心並非讓學生去閱讀全文，沒有那個時間，也沒有必要，所有題目的本質就是同義替換，再加上一些基本的做題技巧，教授雅思閱讀高分學員比託福閱讀高分學員容易。
託福閱讀詞彙量要求8000，題型官方指南上是給出了十種：細節題、詞彙題、指代題、反面信息題、句子插入題、句子簡化題、推理題、修飾目的題、文章內容小結題和表格分類題。通過研究TPO真題1-19套，可以發現，託福閱讀還包括作者觀點題和段落結構題。從題型上看託福閱讀比雅思閱讀多出4種，但是託福閱讀全部都是選擇題，這一點中國學生更能適應，只要掌握最基本的一些做題技巧加上考點詞彙的記憶，抓住文章主旨，按照8大考點(轉折、比較、因果、對比、例證、列舉、定義、特殊符號)分析句子邏輯，結合原文定位，排除干擾選項，不難得出答案。但是在實際的教學中，尤其是2010年，託福閱讀比雅思閱讀難出高分(25分以上)，原因在於兩點：1)詞彙量，尤其是考點詞彙的同義替換。託福詞彙考點有三種，一種是你認識的單詞，選項也正好有跟該單詞接近含義的選項，這種是最簡單的;第二種是你不認識的單詞，但是可以回原文根據5種猜詞技巧猜該單詞的大致含義，排除錯誤選項得出答案;第三種是你認識的單詞，但是選項中沒有接近含義的選項，實際上考察的是“熟悉的陌生人”，如project做動詞表示預測，推斷。例：TPO3 passage2 Depletion of the Ogallala Aquifer
It is projected that the remaining Ogallala water will,by the year 2030,support only 35 to 40 percent of the irrigated acreage in Texas that is supported in 1980.
這種詞彙題學生的錯誤率會比較高，不過多做幾遍，掌握規律了也不會特別難。2)粗心，託福閱讀考察的主要是細節，一個轉折詞，一個否定，都可以改變答案的方向，在我的教學中，發現很多學生非常不善於抓住這些做題的細節，導致一些不該丟掉分丟掉了。
綜上，如果詞彙量不大不夠善於抓細節的學生可以選擇雅思，反之，選擇託福會比較合適。
託福閱讀TPO32第1篇:Plant Colonization
【1】Colonization is one way in which plants can change the ecology of a site. Colonization is a process with two components: invasion and survival. The rate at which a site is colonized by plants depends on both the rate at which individual organisms (seeds, spores, immature or mature individuals) arrive at the site and their success at becoming established and surviving. Success in colonization depends to a great extent on there being a site available for colonization—a safe site where disturbance by fire or by cutting down of trees has either removed competing species or reduced levels of competition and other negative interactions to a level at which the invading species can become established. For a given rate of invasion, colonization of a moist, fertile site is likely to be much more rapid than that of a dry, infertile site because of poor survival on the latter. A fertile, plowed field is rapidly invaded by a large variety of weeds, whereas a neighboring construction site from which the soil has beencompacted or removed to expose a coarse, infertile parent material may remain virtually free of vegetation for many months or even years despite receiving the same input of seeds as the plowed field.
【2】Both the rate of invasion and the rate of extinction vary greatly among different plant species. Pioneer species—those that occur only in the earliest stages of colonization—tend to have high rates of invasion because they produce very large numbers of reproductive propagules (seeds, spores, and so on) and because they have an efficient means of dispersal (normally, wind).
【3】If colonizers produce short-lived reproductive propagules, then they must produce very large numbers unless they have an efficient means of dispersal to suitable new habitats. Many plants depend on wind for dispersal and produce abundant quantities of small, relatively short-lived seeds to compensate for the fact that wind is not always a reliable means of reaching the appropriate type of habitat. Alternative strategies have evolved in some plants, such as those that produce fewer but larger seeds that are dispersed to suitable sites by birds or small mammals or those that produce long-lived seeds. Many forest plants seem to exhibit the latter adaptation, and viable seeds of pioneer species can be found in large numbers on some forest floors. For example, as many as 1,125 viable seeds per square meter were found in a 100-year-old Douglas fir/western hemlock forest in coastal British Columbia. Nearly all the seeds that had germinated from this seed bank were from pioneer species. The rapid colonization ofsuch sites after disturbance is undoubtedly in part a reflection of the large seed bank on the forest floor.
【4】An adaptation that is well developed in colonizing species is a high degree of variation in germination (the beginning of a seed's growth). Seeds of a given species exhibit a wide range of germination dates, increasing the probability that at least some of the seeds will germinate during a period of favorable environmental conditions. This is particularly important for species that colonize an environment where there is no existing vegetation to ameliorate climatic extremes and in which there may be great climatic diversity.
【5】Species succession in plant communities, i.e., the temporal sequence of appearance and disappearance of species is dependent on events occurring at different stages in the life history of a species. Variation in rates of invasion and growth plays an important role in determining patterns of succession, especially secondary succession. The species that are first to colonize a site are those that produce abundant seed that is distributed successfully to new sites. Such species generally grow rapidly and quickly dominate new sites, excluding other species with lower invasion and growth rates. The first community that occupies a disturbed area therefore may be composed of species with the highest rate of invasion, whereas the community of the subsequent stage may consist of plants with similar survival rates but lower invasion rates.
託福閱讀TPO32題目第1篇:Plant Colonization
rding to paragraph 1, how does disturbance of a site influence its colonization by a plant species?
urbance reduces or eliminates competition by other species.
urbance increases negative interactions with other organisms on the site.
urbance prevents a plant species from colonizing a new site.
urbance reduces the fertility of a site.
word "virtually" in the passage (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to
st totally.
ually.
istently.
turally.
does the author mention a plowed field and a construction site in the passage?
argue that sites that have been affected by human activity tend to be colonized slowly.
illustrate the kind of sites that may be invaded by weeds.
contrast sites in terms of their suitability for colonization.
explain that exposing or compacting the soil results in successful colonization.
word "despite"(paragraph 1) in the passage is closest in meaning to
out.
st never.
though.
aps.
h of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage (paragraph 2)? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
seeds of pioneer species are usually carried by the wind to fertile sites, where they reproduce very efficiently.
eer species are successful invaders because they produce lots of seeds that are dispersed effectively.
eer species produce their largest numbers of propagules during the earliest stages of their colonization.
eer species reproduce very quickly and efficiently because they produce very large number of seeds.
can be inferred from paragraph 3 about the reason that large seeds are dispersed by birds or small animals rather than by wind?
e seeds are easier for birds and animals to see than are the small seeds dispersed by the wind.
e seeds are too heavy for the wind to disperse.
e seeds cannot be eaten by birds and animals.
e seeds are short-lived and thus require a more efficient means of dispersal than small seeds do.
phrase "the latter adaptation" in the passage (paragraph 3) refers to
ucing fewer seeds.
ucing larger seeds.
ersal by birds and small mammals.
ucing long-lived seeds.
word "viable" in the passage (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to
to survive.
vidual.
e.
ining.
example of the 100-year-old Douglas fir/western hemlock forest in paragraph to illustrates which of the following ideas?
is uncommon for older seed to germinate.
eer species tend to prefer forest floors for colonization purposes.
-lived seeds of pioneer species can successfully germinate over long periods of time.
tal British Columbia is particularly suited for pioneer species to develop.
rding to paragraph 4, how do plants manage to germinate in areas with great climatic diversity and climatic extremes?
producing seeds only during favorable climatic conditions.
generating large numbers of seeds.
colonizing only those areas where other plants have survived.
producing seeds that have a wide range of germination dates.
word "abundant〃 in the passage (paragraph 5) is closest in meaning to
.
oved.
able.
tiful.
rding to paragraph 5, which of the following determines the sequence in which plant species will colonize a site?
extent of growth of a species on a prior site before it begins to colonize a secondary site.
differences in invasion and growth rates across species.
degree of fertility of a site.
kind of disturbance that the site has undergone.
13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where does the sentence best fit? They require relatively little protection or nutrients.
Species succession in plant communities, i.e., the temporal sequence of appearance and disappearance of species is dependent on events occurring at different stages in the life history of a species.■【A】Variation in rates of invasion and growth plays an important role in determining patterns of succession, especially secondary succession.■【B】The species that are first to colonize a site are those that produce abundant seed that is distributed successfully to new sites.■【C】Such species generally grow rapidly and quickly dominate new sites, excluding other species with lower invasion and growth rates. The first community that occupies a disturbed area therefore may be composed of species with the highest rate of invasion, whereas the community of the subsequent stage may consist of plants with similar survival rates but lower invasion rates.■【D】
14. Prose Summary
The ecology of a site is changed through its colonization by new plants that arrive and grow there.
species that first colonize a disturbed site are typically ones that produce a large number of efficiently dispersed seeds.
ts that cannot successfully compete with other species can invade and colonize a site only if it is fertile and moist, such as a plowed field.
eer species arrive at a site first but have lower survival rates than do species that arrive later.
ucing seeds that germinate at various times over long periods allows some plants to colonize sites that only occasionally present the right conditions for growth.
e, long-lived seeds tend to result in large seed banks with short germination periods requiring favorable environmental conditions for development.
successive appearance and disappearance of species on a site is a result of variation in species' rates of invasion, growth, and survival.
託福閱讀TPO32答案第1篇:Plant Colonization
1.第1段第4句話，通過火災和砍伐的干涉要麼消除競爭對手要麼降低競爭的強度。
ually表示"實際上，幾乎", 程度上對應almost totally。
3.第一段第5、6句話，肥沃的土地植物入侵的速度快，反之亦然。
ite 儘管，對應even though 儘管/即使。
5.原句強調了先鋒物種入侵速度快的兩個原因，一是能夠產生大量可繁殖的種子，二是擁有有效的傳播途徑。原句和fertile sites沒有關係，A錯;C沒有提到種子的繁殖力; D沒有提到傳播途徑，只有B滿足原句的條件。
6.第3段第2，3句：小種子通常靠風傳播，大種子由鳥和動物實現傳播。
latter adaptation，後一種適應性，段落開頭講的是短命種子，所以後一種適應性是指長命種子。
le，有生命力的，對應A。
9.該例子的前一句話爲觀點句, 例子是爲了說明觀點，即長命種子在森林地面上很繁榮。
10.該段的第1句話，發芽時間的變化。
dant，表示"豐富的"，對應D。
12.該段第二句話，succession 對應colonize a site。
指代species. 原句說該物種的生存要求很低，就意味着他們更能存活，原句接下去可能闡述該物種如何靠着該優勢來侵佔土地繁殖。
14.A選項: 對應第2段的核心意思，第2句話;
B選項: 原文中沒有明確說明的信息;
C選項: 違背原文意思，第三段最後一句;
D選項: 對應第4段的核心意思;
E選項: requiring favorable environmental conditions for development是原文中沒有明確說明的信息;
F選項: 對應第5段的核心意思。
