少女馬拉拉能改變巴基斯坦嗎

Though Malala Yousafzai is 17, she does not use Facebook or even a mobile phone lest she lose focus on her studies. She spent her summer vacation flying to Nigeria to campaign for the release of girls kidnapped by the extremist Islamist group Boko Haram, but also worrying about her grades, which recently took a worrisome dip. She confronted President Obama about American drone policy in a meeting last year, but finds it difficult to befriend her fellow students in Birmingham, England.

馬拉拉·優薩福扎伊(Malala Yousafzai)今年17歲，但她不上Facebook，就連手機也不用，以免自己在學業上分心。暑假期間，她乘機前往尼日利亞，爲被極端伊斯蘭組織“博科聖地”(Boko Haram)綁架的女孩獲釋而奔走，同時，她也爲自己成績近期出現的惱人下滑而擔憂。去年在一個會議上，她直面奧巴馬總統，批評美國的無人機政策，但她發現在英國伯明翰，很難和同學們交朋友。

“I want to have fun, but I don’t quite know how,” she wrote in the edition of her autobiography for young readers.

“我想開心地玩，但我不知道如何做到，”她在爲年輕讀者寫的一版自傳中說。

On Friday, Ms. Yousafzai became the youngest winner of the Nobel Peace Prize — grouped in the same pantheon as the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Mother Teresa, and yet still a student at Edgbaston High School for Girls, where she was summoned out of her chemistry class to hear the news.

上週五，優薩福扎伊成爲了諾貝爾和平獎的最年輕獲獎者，得以與牧師小馬丁·路德·金(Martin Luther King Jr.)博士和特蕾莎修女(Mother Teresa)位列同一個神殿之中；她是艾吉巴斯頓女子中學(Edgbaston High School for Girls)的學生，正在上化學課時，被叫出課堂，被告知了這個消息。

Ms. Yousafzai began campaigning for girls’ education at the age of 11, three years before she was shot by the Taliban. She was so young that some observers questioned how well equipped a child of that age could be to put her own safety on the line and commit to a life of activism. The prize she received on Friday validates what she has taken on, but also underscores the disproportionate expectations that trail her: Can she truly influence the culture of her home country of Pakistan, which she cannot even visit because of threats to her safety, and where many revile her as a tool of the West? Ms. Yousafzai may be an Anne Frank-like figure who defied terror, showed extraordinary courage and inspires hope, but how much can one teenager accomplish?

優薩福扎伊11歲時開始參加維護女童受教育權益的活動，三年前，她遭到塔利班槍擊。她當時如此年少，一些觀察家質疑，對於把自己的安全置之度外，投身於維權運動，那麼小的孩子做好了多大的準備。本週五她獲得的獎項，是對她的努力的認可，但同時也突顯了她所承載的格外巨大的期望：她能對祖國巴基斯坦的文化產生真正影響嗎？因爲人身安全受到威脅，她甚至無法踏足那裏，很多巴基斯坦人辱罵她是西方的工具。優薩福扎伊可能是安妮·弗蘭克(Anne Frank)式的人物，她們無懼於恐怖行徑，展現了非凡勇氣，激發了人們的希望，但一個不到二十歲的人，能取得多大成就？

“Can she actually create systemic change at this young age? Can she create a movement? Because she doesn’t have that kind of infrastructure in Pakistan at the moment,” Vishaka Desai, a professor of international relations at Columbia, said in a telephone interview.

“她這麼年輕，真的可以帶來系統性的變化嗎？她可以發起一個運動嗎？在巴基斯坦，她目前可沒有那種根基，”哥倫比亞大學國際關係教授丁文嘉(Vishaka Desai)在接受電話採訪時說。

In one half of Ms. Yousafzai’s dual life, she is the center of an international advocacy operation for girls’ education that now involves a nonprofit organization, two best-selling books, and activities that stretch from Pakistan to Jordan to Kenya. She criticizes not just the Taliban, but also the culture of Pakistan, in which women are rarely granted the same rights and opportunities as men. She has become one of the world’s most prominent faces of moderate Islam, saying in a recent interview that she tried wearing a burqa when she was younger but gave it up: “I realized that it just took away my freedom, and that’s why I stopped wearing it.”

優薩福扎伊擁有雙重生活，在其中一重裏，她是一個國際女童教育維權組織的中心，現在該組織涉及一個非營利性機構，兩本暢銷書，以及從巴基斯坦延伸到約旦，再到肯尼亞的活動。她不僅批評塔利班，還批評巴基斯坦，因爲該國女性很少獲得與男子同等的權利和機會。她已成爲全球最有名的伊斯蘭溫和派面孔之一，在最近的一次採訪中，她說自己以前嘗試過穿罩袍，但後來放棄了：“我發現，它只會讓我覺得不自由，所以我不再穿它了。”

When she met with Mr. Obama last year, she critiqued American military action in her home region. “Instead of soldiers, send books. Instead of sending weapons, send pens,” as she later put it. (Asked how he responded, she gave a knowing look. “He’s a politician,” she said.)

去年，在與奧巴馬會面的時候，她批判了美國在她故鄉採取的軍事行動。她希望“送去書籍，而不是士兵。送去筆，而不是武器，”她後來如是說。（當問及他如何作答時，她露出“你懂的”表情。“他是一個政客，”她說。）

In the other, lesser-known half of Ms. Yousafzai’s life, she lives in a neat brick house near the hospital in Birmingham where she convalesced after being shot by the Taliban in 2012. She has largely recovered, but in her memoir and a recent interview, she spoke of longing for home and straining to fit in to her new environs. She spends hours on Skype each week with a childhood friend in Pakistan, catching up on girls’ education efforts in the Swat Valley but also hometown gossip.

在優薩福扎伊的生活中，鮮爲人知的一半是：她住在伯明翰醫院附近一棟整潔的磚房裏，自2012年被塔利班槍擊後，她就住在那裏養傷。現在她基本上已經痊癒，但在她的回憶錄和最近的採訪中，她談到自己想家，正在竭力適應新環境。每週，她都會通過Skype與巴基斯坦的一個兒時朋友聊上數小時，瞭解斯瓦特山谷女孩受教育的狀況，以及家鄉的小道消息。

When she first moved to England, she found the clothing on other women so skimpy that she wondered if there was a national fabric shortage. She wears a standard British uniform to school each day — green sweater, striped shirt, tights — but adds a longer skirt and a headscarf for modesty. She still goes to therapy sessions to regain the use of her facial muscles, she wrote in her book, and tries not to dwell on the operations she may need in the future. She has grown to love cupcakes, but does not hide the fact that she and her family find England cold and isolating. “We are just a few feet away from the next house, but for all we know of our neighbor it might as well be a mile,” she wrote of her new life.

她剛搬到英國時，發現其他女性着裝清涼，她想知道這裏是否出現了全國性的服裝面料短缺。每一天，她都穿着標準的英式制服上學——綠色毛衣、條紋襯衫、連褲襪——但穿了一條較長的裙子，戴着一條頭巾，以示端莊。她在書中寫道，她仍然在接受康復治療，以恢復面部肌肉的功能，對於以後可能需要做的手術，她試圖不要想太多。她愛上了杯糕，但也直言表示，她和家人覺得英格蘭氣候寒冷，人際疏遠。“我們和鄰居的房子相距只有幾英尺，但我們對鄰居的瞭解和一英里外的人差不多，”她在書中談到她的新生活。

“It’s odd to be so well known but to be lonely at the same time,” she added.

“有這麼多的人認識我，與之同時，我卻感到很孤獨，這真奇怪，”她寫道。

And yet in an interview last August, Ms. Yousafzai exuded an almost ascetic sense of higher purpose, saying that she rarely watches television and deleted the Candy Crush game from her iPad to forestall a growing addiction. She allows herself to take selfies, she said, but only if they are employed for higher purposes: “We have to use it to highlight the issues that children all over the world are facing, so to highlight the issues girls are facing in Afghanistan or Pakistan or India,” she said. As a child in Pakistan, she had access to only a handful of books, she said, but one was a biography of Dr. King, giving her an early sense of what one activist could accomplish.

然而，在今年8月接受採訪時，優薩福扎伊對高尚目標流露出一種近乎禁慾的執着，她說自己很少看電視，並且刪掉了iPad上的《糖果粉碎傳奇》(Candy Crush)遊戲，以免變得越來越上癮。她有時也會自拍，她說，但只限於爲高尚目標服務的時候：“我們必須使用它來強調全球各地兒童面臨的問題，用它突顯女童在阿富汗、巴基斯坦和印度面臨着問題，”她說。在巴基斯坦時度過的孩提時期，她能看到的書寥寥無幾，她說，但其中一本是路德·金的傳記，讓她對維權活動者可以取得怎樣的成就有了初步印象。

In a brief speech in Birmingham on Friday, she called the prize “an encouragement for me to go forward and believe in myself.”

本週五，她在伯明翰做了簡短髮言，稱這個獎項“是對我勇往直前、相信自己的鼓勵”。

She added one stipulation, though: “It’s not going to help me in my tests and exams.”

但她加了一句：“它不會在測驗和考試中幫到我。”