中英雙語話史記 第132期:同盟會的成立
The Republic of China
中華民國The Founding of the Tong Meng Hui
同盟會的成立The rapid development of the revolutionary situation required a national, unified political party to lead the revolutionary movement.
革命形勢的快速發展亟需一個全國性的統一政黨領導革命運動，
At this point, Sun Yat-sen and Huang Xing amalgamated part of the membership of the Xing Zhong Hui, Hua Xing Hui, Guang Fu Hui, Kexue Buxi Suo and other revolutionary bodies to form the Zhongguo Tong Meng Hui (Chinese Revolutionary League) in Tokyo in August 1905.
值此之際，孫中山和黃興將興中會、華興會、光復會、科學補習所和其他的革命主體的部分成員召集到一起，並於1905年8月在東京成立中國同盟會（中國革命聯盟）。It elected Sun Yat-sen as president, set up an executive group and adopted the programme proposed by Sun Yat-sen to “drive out the Manchus, restore China, establish a republic and equalize landownership”.
孫中山被選爲會長，並建立了一個執行團隊，遵循其提出的“驅除韃虜，恢復中華，創立民國，平均地權”的革命綱領。This programme was spelled out in the manifesto written by Sun Yat-Sen for the first issue of the Tong Meng Hui’s Journal, the Min Bao( People’s Journal) as the Three People’s Principles---- the Principle of Nationalism, the Principle of Democracy, and the Principle of People’s Livelihood.
孫中山在同盟會機關報民報的創刊詞中將該項綱領解釋爲三民主義：民族主義、民主主義和民生主義。The principle of Nationalism was to overthrow the government of the Manchu Aristocracy.
民族主義指推翻滿清政府，The Principle of Democracy was to overthrow the monarchical autocratic system and establish a republican government.
民主主義指廢除君主專制制度，建立共和政府，The Principle of People’s Livelihood was to appraise and fix land prices, and to apportion to the state the increase in land prices that would result from the development of the social economy after the revolution, and gradually let the state purchase land from landowners.
民生主義指覈定地價，將地價的增長分配給國家，這可以使社會經濟在革命後得到增長並讓國家逐漸收回地主手中的土地。The Three People’s Principles was a political programme which embodied the hopes of the Chinese bourgeon sie for the establishment of a republic and the development of capitalism, and was a great rallying cry for the revolution at that time.
三民主義的革命綱領，體現了中國人民萌發的對於建立共和國和發展資本主義的渴望，這在當時也成爲了革命的偉大口號。The founding of the Tong Meng Hui and the formation of its programme indicated that the Chinese bourgeois democratic revolutionary movement had entered a new stage.
同盟會的成立和其綱領的形成，標誌着中國資產階級民主革命運動已經進入了一個新階段。
However, this programme did not raise in clear and definite terms the solvan of anti-imperialist, antifeudal struggle, and did not include a thoroughgoing land programme.
然而，這項綱領沒有清晰明確的提出反帝反封建的目標，而且沒有包含土地改革的完整計劃。Hence it was a non-thoroughgoing national democratic revolutionary programme reflecting the weak and compromising character of the Chinese national bourgeoisie.
因此這是一次不徹底的民族民主革命，反映了中國民族資產階級的軟弱和妥協的性格。The activities of the Tong Meng Hui had two main aspects, the debates with the reformists on political ideology and the development of a series of armed uprisings.
同盟會的活動主要在兩個方面，一方面與改良主義的政治理念展開論戰，另一方面發展一系列武裝起義。
