中英雙語話史記 第114期:元朝概況

Yuan Dynasty

元朝

General

概況

The Yuan Dynasty (1271—1368) ended to the 370-year divisive period following the downfall of the Tang Dynasty and again unified the whole country,

元朝（1271——1368）結束了自唐朝滅亡開始長達380年的分裂時期並再次統一了整個國家，

paving the way for a lasting unification through the Ming-Qing period.

它爲明朝長期持久的統一作出了貢獻。

The Yuan regime can be roughly divided into three periods: the early, middle and late periods.

元政權大致可以被分爲三個階段：早期、中期和晚期。

The early period began from the reign of Kublai Khan, Yuan Emperor Shizu, until 1294.

早期自“元世祖”忽必烈執政開始，至1294年結束。

During this period rulers adopted laws from the Han nationality and set up political, economic and cultural systems that promoted social development.

在這段時期內，統治者採取了漢人的法令並建立了促進社會發展的政治、經濟和文化體系。

The middle years (1307 to 1323) marked a period of decline.

中期（1307——1323）是一段衰落的時期。

During this period, social conflicts and the competition for imperial power became intensified and included continuous uprisings all around the country.

在這段時期內，社會矛盾與對於王權的鬥爭不斷激化，全國範圍內還不斷興起起義運動。

The New Deal carried out by Emperor Yingzong was like a flash in the pan, but it could not save the Yuan Dynasty from declining.

元英宗推行的新政就如曇花一現，無法將元朝從衰亡中拯救出來。

Finally, the New Deal failed and Emperor Yingzong died an unnatural death.

最終，新政失敗了，元英宗也被人謀殺。

From 1329 in the late-Yuan period, peasant uprisings accelerated the decline of the regime.

從1329年元朝晚期開始，農民起義加速了王朝的覆滅。

Zhu Yuanzhang joined a peasant force and later took command to defeat other forces and rebuild the dynasty of the Han nationality,namely the Ming Dynasty.

朱元璋加入了農民軍，之後又接過指揮權對抗其他軍事力量，最終重建了漢人掌權的朝代——明朝。