中英雙語話史記 第110期:金遷都開封

Jin Dynasty

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金朝

Kaifeng as the Jin Capital

遷都開封

In 1153, Jin Emperor Wanyan Liang (完顏亮）moved the empire’s capital from Huining Fu in northern Manchuria (south of present-day Harbin) to Zhongdu (now Beijing).

1153年，金朝皇帝完顏亮將都城從北方滿洲的會寧府（今哈爾濱）遷到了中都（今北京）。

Four years later in 1157, he razed Beijing, including the nobles’ residences,

四年後，他將北京夷爲平地，包括貴族的住宅，

and moved the Jurchen “southern” capital from Beijing to Kaifeng, former seat of the Song Dynasty,

然後將“南”都城遷至宋朝的舊都開封，

and began to reconstruct it (since its sack in 1127).

並開始了對其的重建（從金朝掠奪的1127始）。

Emperor Wanyan Liang attacked the Southern Song in 1161.

完顏亮在1161年攻打了南宋。

Meanwhile, two simultaneous rebellions of Jurchen nobles, led by soon-to-be crowned Jin Emperor Wanyan Yong (完顏雍），

期間，由之後繼位的完顏雍領導女真貴族進行的叛亂以及滿洲地區契丹族人的暴亂同時發生，

and Khitan tribesman erupted in Manchuria, forcing the Jin Dynasty to withdraw its troops from southern China to quell the uprisings.

這使得金朝不得不將它的軍隊從中國南方撤回以鎮壓這些反叛。

The Jin navy was wiped out by a smaller Song fleet because of their use of gunpowder, the first recorded use in military history.

金朝的海軍因爲火藥被宋朝的小艦隊擊敗，這也是火藥在歷史記錄中首次被用於作戰。

Emperor Wanyan Liang failed in taking the Song and was assassinated by his own generals in December of 1161.

完顏亮沒能打敗宋朝，在1161年的12月被他自己的將軍刺殺。

His son and heir was also assassinated in Kaifeng.

他的兒子和繼位者也在開封被刺殺。

Although crowned in October, Emperor Wanyan Yong was not officially recognized as the 5th successive Jin Emperor until the murder of Wanyan Liang's heir.

儘管完顏雍在10年幾位，但他直到殺死完顏亮的繼承者後才被官方承認是金朝的第五任皇帝。