託福閱讀文章內容及特點的綜合分析
託福閱讀是托福考試中最爲重要的內容之一，那麼如何在託福閱讀中高效且取得不錯的分數呢?小編將爲同學們帶來託福閱讀文章內容及特點的綜合分析，希望能夠幫助到大家!
託福閱讀文章內容及特點的綜合分析
1、託福閱讀文章出處以及選材範圍
作爲一項語言能力測試，托福考試是考查考生能否具備足夠的語言交流能力，以期在北美完成正常的學習任務和研究工作。因此，其閱讀文章原型大都選自美國大學本科生使用的教材，以達到最佳的模擬測試效果。文章的選材範圍極其廣泛，涉及有自然科學包括：天文學、地質學、生物學、氣象學等;人文科學包括：藝術美學、考古學、語言學、文學等;社會科學包括：政治學、經濟學、教育學、人類學等交叉學科。
從選材範圍可見：託福閱讀的文章內容對考生知識存儲量的廣度有一定的要求，但同時考慮到考生來自於不同的專業，對於其他學科往往不具備專業素質，因此爲了遵守考試公平性原則，文章均不對其所述及的學科做過多深入的探討。
2、託福閱讀文章類型及篇章段落結構
根據託福閱讀文章的出處及選材範圍，我們可以將這些文章歸爲三類：說明文、議論文、史實文。三者合一統稱爲：學術性文章。這種類型的文章，必須具備說理性特質，即行文邏輯大都遵循着相對固定的結構模式。
一句話：託福文章的篇章結構有規律可尋，段落組成有原則可守：
1) 學術性文章的篇章結構：
在學術性文章中，一般需要具備三個組成部分：
(1)Topic 話題：即文章的主角是什麼。比如講解某個科學理論、研究某種社會現象，探討某個歷史事件;
在託福文章中，這種導入性信息往往出現在篇首位置。考生可以根據篇首段信息對整篇文章所要討論的核心內容有所瞭解;
(2)Aspects 方面：即將篇首的話題延伸拓展爲若干個方面進行闡述說明。若話題爲某個科學論點，則方面可能分爲若干個支持論據;若話題爲某種自然現象，則方面可能分爲若干個內外成因;若話題爲某個歷史事件，則方面爲幾段發展時期;
在託福文章中，往往依照各個方面之間的層次關係，將各個方面拆分爲若干個獨立的自然段落，共同組成行文主體;
(3)Attitude態度：即文章的作者對於所討論話題持怎樣的態度。或是積極肯定，或是消極否定，或是保持中立。
在託福文章中，態度往往是被較多的淡化甚至有可能省略不提。
Topic話題 + Aspects方面 + Attitude態度，這三要素加起來就是標準學術論文體的"T+A+A篇章結構"。託福文章大都遵循這種結構，考生通過篇首段落信息來把控整個文章話題及大致討論方向，再抓住文章的各個段落主旨，便可洞悉整個文章脈絡和邏輯結構。
2)學術性文章的段落結構
學術性文章的自然段落，一般需要具備兩個組成部分：
(1) Topic Sentence 主旨句：表達段落的主旨，即本段想要表達的核心內容是什麼;
(2) Detail 細節：爲了詳細說明段落中心含義，所羅列的相關支持內容，即本段通過哪些例證來闡明主旨句。
Topic Sentence主旨句 + Detail細節，這兩個要素加起來就是標準學術論文體的"TS+D段落結構"。託福文章段落大都遵循這種結構，考生通過段落主旨句就可以把握該段的中心含義。
總結：當考生們瞭解了這種TAA篇章結構和TS+D段落結構的行文規律後，對文章框架的把握就會做到心裏有數，更有利於提高閱讀速度和定位有效信息的準確度。
3、託福閱讀考試的量化指標
新託福閱讀考試分爲無閱讀加試和有閱讀加試兩種。
無閱讀加試的情況下，共有3篇文章，分爲兩個部分，第一部分爲獨立的1篇文章，考試時間爲20分鐘;第二部分爲兩篇文章，考試時間爲40分鐘，期間這兩篇文章的考試時間可以自由分配。總體考試時間爲兩部分之和，即60分鐘。
有閱讀加試的情況下，在已有的3篇文章及60分鐘答題時間的基礎上，再加兩篇文章，並作爲一個部分，共計40分鐘，加試期間的兩篇文章的考試時間依然可以自由分配。總體考試時間爲三部分之和，即100分鐘。
託福閱讀材料：Mars site may hold ‘buried life’
Researchers have identified rocks that they say could contain the fossilised remains of life on early Mars.
The team made their discovery in the ancient rocks of Nili Fossae.
Their work has revealed that this trench on the dark side of Mars is a "dead ringer" for a region in Australia where some of the earliest evidence of life on Earth has been buried and preserved in mineral form.
They report the findings in the journal Earth and Planetary Science Letters.
The team, led by a scientist from the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence Institute (Seti) in California, believes that the same "hydrothermal" processes that preserved these markers of life on Earth could have taken place on Mars at Nili Fossae.
The rocks there are up to four billion years old, which means they have been around for three-quarters of the history of Mars.
When, in 2008, scientists first discovered carbonate in those rocks the Mars science community reacted with great excitement; carbonate had long been sought as definitive evidence that the Red planet was habitable - that life could have existed there.
託福閱讀真題及答案：10 Questions for 50 Cent
10 Questions for 50 Cent
Introduction專輯介紹
這張不得了，真的了不起。阿姆、瑪麗布萊姬、阿肯、賈斯汀、提姆巴蘭、小野貓主唱妮可、黑眼豆豆主腦等一起跪拜屌到爆
嘻哈帝王相，有數字爲證。全球累積銷售逼近2500萬張，17張白金唱片銷售認證、13座Billboard音樂獎、5座世界音樂獎、3座MTV音樂錄像帶大獎與3座全美音樂獎肯定
四首超強音樂錄像帶全球媒體同步曝光 五角帝國版圖開始勾勒
Vocabulary
debuted n.v.初次登場, 開張
metaphor n.[修辭]隱喻, 暗喻, 比喻說話
uproar n. 喧囂, 騷動
bulletproof adj.防彈的
slangn.俚語, 行話 v.用粗話罵, 用俚語說
fragment n.碎片, 斷片, 片段
endorse v.在(票據)背面簽名, 簽註(文件), 認可, 簽署
單詞都很簡單。。速讀
He was born Curtis Jackson, but he made his mark on the rap world performing under his childhood nickname. His third album, Curtis, debuted Sept. 11. 50 Cent will now take your questions
Is it Curtis or 50 Cent? —Maggie Shaw, New York City It’s 50, but the album title is Curtis. It made perfect sense for me to title it Curtis, considering my grandfather is Curtis Sr., his firstborn is Curtis Jr. and I’m his first grandchild, so my mom named me after him. I’m Curtis III, and this is my third album. 50 Cent was a name that kind of stuck. For me, it was a metaphor for change. That’s what made me utilize it when I actually started rapping.
What should we expect from your new album? —Ignacio Meza, Los Angeles
You should expect a lot of surprises. For my last two albums, I isolated myself to working with only members of G-Unit [50 Cent’s original rap group]. On this album I worked with Justin Timberlake, Robin Thicke, Mary J. Blige, Akon, Nicole from the Pussycat Dolls, Dr. Dre and Eminem. I’m in a place where I’m secure enough to have all these other talented people around me because I’ve proven myself, with my first two projects selling over 21 million copies.
Why don’t you do more hard-core stuff like you did on Get Rich or Die Tryin’ [in 2003]? —Raveen Bhasin, Dallas
I take into consideration what the music business is facing with things like the Don Imus situation. I think it would cause a full uproar if I wrote [hard-core] lyrics from that perspective all the way through my album. That’s why I released Curtis instead of my next project, Before I Self Destruct. It’s more of a hard-core sound, and it would be too aggressive for this period.
Is your beef with Kanye [West] for real? —Erika Ramirez, Houston
I said I would retire if his album [Graduation, also released Sept. 11] sold more than mine. I think people would like for it to be a beef. Then it would be really uncomfortable for Kanye, wouldn’t it? I’m already conditioned for those things, but he’d have to adjust. My car’s already bulletproof.
Why do rappers use so much slang that the average 50-year-old can’t understand them? —Gabriel Goldenberg, Montreal
Some audiences have to come to you. You can’t cater to everybody. Kanye West’s record is aimed at a straight pop audience. It may work for him now, but I don’t believe that will exist long. That base has no loyalty at all.
You took a bullet to your face. Has that changed your rapping style? —Ravi Rami, Houston
It changed my voice. I still have a fragment of a bullet inside my tongue. And I have a hole in the back of my mouth. This is the voice that works, though. This is why I believe it happened for a reason. The voice before I got shot was the one that not many people listened to.
You have a home in suburban Connecticut. Why did you move outside the city? —Susan Ashley, Houston
I generate a lot of interest in New York City, so it’s difficult. If I was going to a nightclub or if I was just getting out of the car to go to the store, it’d be difficult. It’s way different here, because it’s a country setting. I don’t even leave my house to go to the store. I send somebody else to do it.
I know you like to work hard and play hard. What’s your favorite place to vacation? —Janelle Robison, Brooklyn, N.Y.
Vacation’s at home. I do so much traveling that when I just stay at home, it feels like I’m on vacation. All you have to do is turn the phone off. The house is big as a country club anyway.
Are you endorsing a particular candidate in the ’08 election? —Haren Para, New York City
No, but I like Hillary. I think she was already our President once. [Laughs].
Any plans for another movie? —Conor Egan, Belmar, N.J.
I’ve got a film called Righteous Kill. It’s myself, Robert De Niro, Al Pacino, Donnie Wahlberg, John Leguizamo. [Laughs]. If you ask me, I’m the next Denzel Washington.
託福閱讀練習:
se translate the blue sentence into Chinese.
Some audiences have to come to you. You can‘t cater to everybody.
is the album title?
‘s his favorite place to vacation? and why?
he said:"My car‘s already bulletproof."?
參考答案及解析:
1.你不得不想到一些聽衆。你並不迎合所有的人。
come to sb.(指看法)被某人想出。ie,It suddenly came to her that she had been wrong all along.
album title is Curtis.
is at home,because he do so much traveling that when he just stay at home, it feels like he‘s on vacation.
use he believe that his album sold more than Kanye‘s.
