中英雙語話史記 第63期:西晉和東晉時期的文化藝術

Culture and Art in Western Jin and Eastern Jin

西晉和東晉時期的文化藝術

In the world of literature, Lu Ji(261—303) and Zuo Si(250—305) of the Western Jin excelled in poetry.

文學世界中，西晉時期的陸機（261——303）和左思（250——305）擅長詩詞歌賦。

Lu Ji’s special treatise On Poetry Writing, contributed to the development of China’s literary though.

陸機的代表作《文賦》爲中國文學的發展貢獻巨大。

The Ode to the Three Capitals (of the Three Kingdoms), written by Zuo Si in a vigorous style,created such a stir among the men of letters that it was copied and passed from hand to hand, causing a shortage of paper supply in the capital city of Luoyang.

左思風格遒勁的《三都賦》在文人墨客中引起轟動，他的作品被不斷印刷與傳送，一時之間引得洛陽紙貴。

Tao Yuanming(365—427),the poet and prose writer of the Eastern Jin,was famous for his five-character poems full of poetic imagination and the flavor of rustic life.

東晉時期的詩人與散文家陶淵明（365——427）以他富有詩意想象和鄉村生活趣味的五言詩而聞名。

Formerly an Eastern Jin official, Tao Yuanming resigned after becoming disillusioned with the corrupt government to lead a secluded life in the countryside.

陶淵明以前是東晉的一位官員，他在對於腐敗的政府不再抱幻想之後辭去了官職，在鄉村過上了隱居的生活。

His outstanding prose piece, Peach Blossom Stream, a description of a Chinese Arcadia, expressed his longing for a society without power struggle, cut-throat competition, lying and cheating.

他著名的散文詩《桃花源記》是對於中國世外桃源的描寫，這首詩表達了他對於一個沒有權力鬥爭、殘酷競爭、謊言與欺騙的社會的嚮往。

During the Western and Eastern Jin period, the pian ti wen (a flowery antithetic style of writing) was very popular. It was gorgeous in form but lacked depth.

在西晉和東晉時期，駢體文（一種華麗的對偶寫作風格）非常流行。

Calligraphy and painting reached a high level of development in the Eastern Jin.

駢體文的形式絢爛但內容缺乏深度。

Wang Xizhi (321—379 or 306—361) absorbed the essence of calligraphy of the Han-Wei period and created a style of his own to earn his fame as the “Sage Calligrapher”.

書法與繪畫在東晉時期發展至頂峯。

Gu Kaizhi (345—406) was noted for his portraits of human figures with highly expressive eyes.

王羲之（321——379或306——361）吸取了漢魏時期書法的精髓並形成了自己的風格，他因此被稱爲“書聖”。

The mural painting of Vimalakirti, a lay Buddhist, done for the Waguan Temple of Jiankang, impressed art-lovers with its brightly coloured and finely drawn lines.

顧愷之（345——406）以具有極度傳神的眼睛的人像畫而聞名。

His work, On the Art of Painting, was a masterpiece on painting techniques.

他爲建康瓦官寺所畫的維摩詰壁畫“維摩詰像”的明亮色彩和流暢線條使藝術愛好者記憶深刻。

The Western and Eastern Jin period turned out more historical works than ever.

顧愷之的著作《論畫》是談論繪畫技巧的傑出之作。

There were an outpouring of history books on the Eastern Han， the Three Kingdoms, the Jin and the Sixteen States,

西晉和東晉時期涌現出了大量的史學作品，有關於東漢、三國還有晉朝和十六國時期的作品呈井噴狀態，

notably the History of the Three Kingdoms by Chen Shou (233—297), An Extension of the History of the Han Dynasty by Sima Biao (? —306) and Records of the Later Han Dynasty by Yuan Hong (328—376).

其中最著名的是陳壽（233——297）所著的《三國志》、司馬彪（？——306）所著的《續漢書》和袁宏（328——376）所著的《後漢紀》。

The History of the Three Kingdoms enjoys a fame only next to that of Records of the Historian and History of the Han Dynasty.

《三國志》的出名程度僅次於《史記》和《漢書》。

Written in biographical form, it describes the rise, growth and fall of the Three Kingdoms.

它以傳記的形式描寫了三國的出現、發展與覆滅。

An Extension of the History of the Han Dynasty originally had 80 juan but only 30, about the institutions and statutes of the Eastern Han Dynasty, survive.

《續漢書》原先有80卷但現在僅存有關東漢時期政策與法令的30卷。

Records of the Later Han Dynasty, annals of the Eastern Han，shows innovation in the preservation and compilation of historical material.

《後漢紀》作爲東漢時期的編年史展現了歷史資料保存於編輯上的創新。