首個奧運會難民代表團背後的推手
RIO DE JANEIRO — Germans rolled luggage into the Olympic Village, Slovaks stood proudly at the raising of their national flag, and a delegation from Benin posed for photos in yellow floral prints and lobster-red hats. Nearby, a woman from Kenya, barely 5 feet tall and all but unnoticed, signed off on her project to give an Olympic home to athletes who had none of their own.
里約熱內盧——德國人拉着行李進入奧運村；斯洛伐克人驕傲地佇立觀看自己國家的國旗冉冉升起；貝寧代表團身穿黃色印花服裝、頭戴龍蝦紅的帽子擺姿勢拍照。不遠處，有一位僅5英尺高的肯尼亞女人，幾乎無人注意；她要給那些沒有國籍的運動員在奧運這個大家庭裏安一個家。
“Peace, unity through sports,” she wrote on a mural.
“通過體育實現和平和團結，”她在留言牆上寫道。
Tegla Loroupe will participate in her fourth Olympics, this time not as a groundbreaking marathoner but as a peace ambassador bringing attention and compassion to the global refugee crisis.
泰格拉•洛魯佩(Tegla Loroupe)將第四次參加奧運會，但這一次她不是作爲一名打破記錄的馬拉松選手，而是作爲一名和平使者，引發人們對全球難民危機的關注和同情。
She is the leader of a group of 10 displaced athletes, known as the Refugee Olympic Team. It will march Friday in the opening ceremony, carrying the Olympic flag, serenaded by the Olympic anthem.
她是十名無家可歸的運動員的領隊，他們被稱爲奧運會難民代表團(Refugee Olympic Team)。在週五的開幕式上，他們將伴隨着奧運會會歌、拿着奧運會會旗入場。
Five of those athletes prepared for the Rio Games at a training camp operated by Loroupe in the hills outside Nairobi, the Kenyan capital. “I think I have the strength to prove that even small people can do something big,” she said.
其中五名運動員，曾在洛魯佩位於肯尼亞首都內羅畢郊外的山上組織的訓練營裏備戰里約奧運會。“我想我有能力證明，小人物也能幹大事，”她說。
There is much to be wary and cynical about regarding the Summer Games — like the corruption and the doping and the commercialism — but the opening ceremony can provide a flickering respite from pessimism, a brief chimney sweep of the sooty Olympic ideal.
本屆夏季奧運會有很多讓我們提防和嘲諷的東西——比如腐敗、興奮劑和商業化——不過開幕式能讓我們暫時擺脫悲觀，掃除蒙在奧運會理想上的污跡。
Perhaps no one represents hopefulness in international sport more resolutely than Loroupe. She refused to succumb to a life of expected subservience as a young woman and has spent her postrunning career offering possibility instead of despair.
也許沒人能比洛魯佩更能堅決地代表人們對國際體育的希望。年輕的時候，她拒絕屈從於人們的期待，不願過那種奴顏婢膝的生活；在跑步生涯結束之後的人生裏，她給人們帶來希望，而非絕望。
“People treat these refugees like criminals,” Loroupe said Monday. “We need to treat them with respect.”
“人們像對待罪犯那樣對待這些難民，”洛魯佩週一說，“我們需要尊重他們。”
In the running world, Loroupe, 43, is celebrated as the winner of the New York City Marathon in 1994 and 1995, the first black African woman to win a major marathon, a former world-record holder at the distance of 26.2 miles.
在長跑界，43歲的洛魯佩曾在1994年和1995年兩次獲得紐約馬拉松賽(New York City Marathon)冠軍，是第一位贏得一項重要馬拉松賽事冠軍的非洲黑人女性，也曾是26.2英里馬拉松世界紀錄的保持者。
But her running has been overtaken by her goodwill and activism.
不過，她的親善和行動主義蓋過了她的賽跑成績。
Under the banner of the Tegla Loroupe Peace Foundation, she has organized peace races among tribal rivals, trying to resolve conflicts with conciliation instead of weapons.
她以泰格拉•洛魯佩和平基金會(Tegla Loroupe Peace Foundation)的名義，在敵對部落之間組織和平賽跑，努力用調解而非武器解決衝突。
“I always go where there are not good people,” Loroupe said. “I want to help them.”
“我總是前往沒有好人的地方，”洛魯佩說，“我想幫助他們。”
In 2011, the mostly Christian and animist South Sudan gained its independence from mostly Muslim Sudan. All five of the refugee Olympians trained by Loroupe, two women and three men, are from South Sudan. They were identified during trials held to find runners in 2015 at two refugee camps inside neighboring Kenya.
2011年，以基督徒和泛靈論者爲主的南蘇丹(South Sudan)從以穆斯林爲主的蘇丹脫離出來，實現獨立。洛魯佩培訓的五名奧運會難民運動員——兩名女子和三名男子——都來自南蘇丹。2015年，在鄰國肯尼亞的兩個難民營裏舉行的跑步選拔賽中，他們被挑選出來。
Across the world, there are 63.5 million people displaced by fighting and persecution, according to the U.N. refugee agency, often unwanted by politicians, unable to reconnect with their families or any confident future.
根據聯合國難民機構的數據，全世界有6350萬人因戰亂和迫害無家可歸，他們往往不受政客們歡迎，無法與家人重新取得聯繫，前途渺茫。
“In a year when refugees have found borders, camps and minds closed, the International Olympic Committee did something remarkably open,” wrote Minky Worden of Human Rights Watch. “The creation of a refugee team reframes the debate, to focus not on fear and pushing away but on inclusion and celebrating the resilience and potential all refugees represent.”
“在難民們看到邊界線、難民營紛紛關閉，思想封閉的一年裏，國際奧委會做了一件非常開放的事，”“人權觀察”組織(Human Rights Watch)的明基•沃登(Minky Worden)寫道，“難民代表團的設立改變了這場爭論，把焦點從恐懼與拒絕，轉變爲包容以及對所有難民所代表的適應力和潛力的讚揚。”
One of the refugee Olympic athletes from South Sudan is Yiech Pur Biel, 21, an 800-meter runner who fled from his village in 2005 and stayed with a neighbor while his mother and brother headed toward survival in Ethiopia. He said he had not heard from them since. He was told they were OK, but he also knows that people are reluctant to give the worst news.
其中一名難民運動員、21歲的耶什•普爾•比爾(Yiech Pur Biel)來自南蘇丹，他是800米選手。2005年，他從村裏逃出來，和一個鄰居待在一起，而他的媽媽和弟弟（或哥哥）前往埃塞俄比亞求生。他說，從那以後，就失去了他們的消息。他被告知他們都挺好，不過他也知道人們不願說出最壞的消息。
“Tegla is our mother, not only our leader,” Biel said. “Most of us run because of war. Madam Tegla gives us a chance for other people to know the history of our lives. And we can forget what happened before. We can celebrate. We can have hope, like everyone else.”
“泰格拉是我們的媽媽，她不只是我們的領隊，”比爾說，“我們大部分人是因爲戰爭逃離家園。泰格拉夫人給了我們一個機會，讓其他人知道我們以前的生活。我們現在可以把過去的事情拋在腦後。我們現在可以慶祝。我們可以像其他人那樣擁有希望。”
Another of the refugee Olympians is Paulo Amotun Lokoro, 24, a 1,500-meter runner. He was lost while fleeing his Sudanese village in 2003, unable to keep up with his parents. He did not reunite with them until three years later at the Kakuma refugee camp in Kenya. That is where Loroupe discovered him last year.
另一名奧運會難民選手、24歲的保羅•阿穆通•洛科羅(Paulo Amotun Lokoro)，是1500米長跑運動員。2003年，他從他家住的蘇丹那個村子跑出來時迷了路，與父母失散。直到三年後他纔在肯尼亞的卡庫馬難民營與家人團聚。去年洛魯佩就是在那裏發現他的。
At first, Lokoro thought he was not good enough to be a serious runner. Or that this might be some kind of a joke.
一開始，洛科羅覺得自己不夠優秀，不夠資格做職業長跑選手。覺得這是在開玩笑。
“I was nowhere,” Lokoro said. “Now I am somewhere.”
“以前我看不到未來，”洛科羅，“現在我有了希望。”
It is an emotion that Loroupe understands. She is a Pokot, not a Nandi, the dominant Kenyan running tribe. In her native village of Kapsait, near the border with Uganda, community leaders did not want her to run because she was a girl. Her father did not want her to go to school. He expected her to be a baby sitter.
洛魯佩對這種情緒深有體會。她是波科特人，不是南迪人，後者是肯尼亞最主要的跑步部落。她的村莊Kapsait離與烏干達的邊界不遠，村裏的頭人不想讓她去跑步，因爲她是女孩。她父親不想讓她上學，想讓她去當保姆。
“Her father called her ‘Useless’; that was his name for her,” said Anne Roberts, a former coordinator of elite athletes for the New York City Marathon who has been a close friend of Loroupe’s for more than two decades.
“她父親稱她是‘無用之人’，那就是他給她起的名字，”紐約市馬拉松賽優秀運動員的前協調員安妮•羅伯茨(Anne Roberts)說。她成爲洛魯佩的密友已有20多年。
But, of course, Loroupe was not useless. She became a great runner. And when the men in her training group asked her to cook their food and wash their clothes, she explained that she was an athlete, not a maid.
洛魯佩當然不是無用之人。她成長爲一名偉大的長跑運動員。當訓練組的男人們讓她去做飯洗衣時，她說自己是運動員，不是女僕。
She and Roberts talked often about how a running career is short and the rest of life is long. “You’ll be judged on what you do after your career, not while it’s going on,” Roberts told Loroupe.
她和羅伯茨經常談論跑步事業很短，剩下的人生很長。“人們不會在你還是運動員的時候評價你，而是根據你跑步生涯結束之後做的事情對你做出評價，”羅伯茨曾經這麼告訴洛魯佩。
In 2014, Thomas Bach, president of the International Olympic Committee, presented Loroupe with an idea of entering a refugee team in the Rio Olympics. Last year, the IOC established a $2 million fund for the project.
2014年，國際奧委會主席托馬斯•巴赫(Thomas Bach)向洛魯佩提出一個想法，在里約奧運會上推出一個難民代表團。去年，國際奧委會爲這個項目設立了一個200萬美元的專項資金。
When the team was selected in June, Bach said: “This will be a symbol of hope for all the refugees in our world, and will make the world better aware of the magnitude of this crisis. It is also a signal to the international community that refugees are our fellow human beings and are an enrichment to society.”
這支代表團於今年6月選好後，巴赫說：“這將成爲世界上所有難民的希望象徵，將讓世人更好地瞭解這場危機的嚴重性。它也在提醒國際社會，難民是我們人類的同胞，是社會的財富。”
The refugee Olympians will not win gold medals, Loroupe said, “but they will not disappoint.”
洛魯佩說，奧運會難民選手不會贏得金牌，“不過他們不會令人失望的”。
