年9月中口英譯漢原文、答案、解析
The economic system of the United States is principally one of private ownership. In this system, consumers, producers and government make economic decisions on a daily basis, mainly through the price system. The dynamic interaction of these three groups makes the economic function. The market’s primary force, however, is the interaction of producers and consumers; hence the “market economy” designation.
美國的經濟體制主要是一種私有制。在這一體制下，消費者、生產者和政府通過價格體系，每天都會做出經濟決策。這三方的互動行使着經濟職能。然而，市場的主要力量是生產者和消費者之間的相互作用，“市場經濟”之名也正是由此而來。
As a rule, consumers look for the best values for what they spend while producers seek the best price and profit for what they have to sell. Government, at the federal, state, and local level, seeks to promote public security, assure reasonable competition, and provide a range of services believed to be better performed by public rather than private enterprises.
一般來說，消費者追求的是消費後所獲價值的最大化，而生產者則是追求其所售物品的最理想價格和最大利潤。而中央政府、州政府和地方政府則是希望促進公共安全，保證正當競爭以及提供各項服務。人們一般會認爲這些服務由政府執行會比由私人企業執行效果好。
Generally, there are three kinds of enterprises: single-owner operated businesses, partnerships and corporations. The first two are important, but it is the latter structure that best permits the amassing of large sums of money by combining the investments of many people who, as stockholders, can buy and sell their shares of the business at any time on the open market. Corporations make large-scale enterprises possible.
總體而言，企業分爲三類：個體私營企業、合資企業和股份公司。前兩者很重要，但只有最後一種能夠最大程度地將衆多投資人的投資集合起來，進行大規模融資。而這些投資人作爲股東，可以在公開的市場上買賣他們的企業份額。股份公司制使得大型企業成爲可能。
解析
本次翻譯仍是考查經濟類話題。對於此類話題的一些固定詞彙，大家在平時要做好積累。文章第一段論述美國的經濟體制。這一段中要注意的是system這一單詞的翻譯。economic system 含義較廣，我們可以將之翻譯爲經濟體制，而price system則是位於經濟體制下的內容，因此可以譯爲價格體系。
第二段論述經濟環節中的三方面：生產者、消費者和政府各自的目的。本段需要注意的是一個被動語態的翻譯: “and provide a range of services believed to be better performed by public rather than private enterprises.” 此句由於過長，很難和主句合併爲一句話，可以拆分爲兩個句子進行翻譯。
第三段將企業進行分類，並重點論述股份公司這種模式在大規模融資上的優勢。這一段需要注意的是一個定語從句的翻譯: “the investments of many people who, as stockholders, can buy and sell their shares of the business at any time on the open market”.由於很難和主句融爲一句，我們也是需要運用拆句法進行翻譯。
