託福閱讀分數老是提不上去怎麼辦
託福閱讀提分不易，考生如果不掌握解題方法技巧只靠大量做題來積累經驗實際提分效果往往並不理想。爲了幫助考生更有效率地提升成績，下面小編就爲大家介紹幾個比較實用的閱讀提分做題方法技巧，一起來看。
託福閱讀分數老是提不上去怎麼辦
閱讀詞彙題加深對熟詞的警惕
熟悉托福考試的同學都知道，託福閱讀試題中的詞彙題經常會出現一些難度比較大的詞彙，因此在做詞彙題時，許多考生認爲做不對題與自己的詞彙量有關，認識單詞能做對，不認識單詞就會做錯。事實上，很多人存在的問題反而是那些認識的單詞經常做錯，不認識的單詞反而能做對。究其原因，做不認識單詞時，考生往往會仔細研讀詞彙題的上下文，力求在上下文中突破。而做認識單詞時，大家就更容易忽略上下文的重要性，往往是裝模作樣的看一下上下文，便匆匆做出抉擇。所以，做好詞彙題關鍵在於端正態度，對於生詞本就應該引起重視，而對於熟詞也絕不能放鬆大意。
帶着問題看完文章再做題
在考試的時候，很多考生一拿到試卷便直接翻看後面的題目，自己揣測題意。在這種方法相當於瞎子摸象，對文章只有局部而主觀的認知，整個文章的概念是根本無法獲得的。以自己的思想去猜測文章大意，很多時候會偏離主旨。所以，這種不看文章直接做題的方法是極其危險的。建議大家先看過題目不要看選項，然後帶着題目看文章，看完後再解題，這樣纔是比較符合考試要求的閱讀做題順序方法。
讀文章要兼顧細節和速度
有些同學與上述情況則相反，過度地依賴文章，在看到試卷之後，一字不將文章精讀一遍再做題。如果你的閱讀速度超羣，或者這篇文章你很熟悉，那這樣做未嘗不可。但是一般來說，採用細讀會導致做題時間嚴重不足。要知道，閱讀理解測試的不止是理解，更是速度。
託福閱讀TPO33第3篇:滅絕事件
託福閱讀原文
Extinction Episodes of the Past
【1】It was not until the Cambrian period, beginning about 600 million yearsago, that a great proliferation of macroscopic species occurred on Earth andproduced a fossil record that allows us to track the rise and fall ofbiodiversity. Since the Cambrian period, biodiversity has generally risen, butthere have been some notable exceptions. Biodiversity collapsed dramaticallyduring at least five periods because of mass extinctions around the globe. Thefive major mass extinctions receive most of the attention, but they are only oneend of a spectrum of extinction events. Collectively, more species went extinctduring smaller events that were less dramatic but more frequent. The best knownof the five major extinction events, the one that saw the demise of thedinosaurs, is the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction.
【2】Starting about 280 million years ago, reptiles were the dominant largeanimals in terrestrial environments. In popular language this was the era “whendinosaurs ruled Earth,” when a wide variety of reptile species occupying manyecological niches. However, no group or species can maintain its dominanceindefinitely, and when, after over 200 million years, the age of dinosaurs cameto a dramatic end about 65 million years ago, mammals began to flourish,evolving from relatively few types of small terrestrial animals into the myriadof diverse species, including bats and whales, that we know ontologists label this point in Earth’s history as the end of the Cretaceousperiod and the beginning of the Tertiary period, often abbreviated as the K-Tboundary. This time was also marked by changes in many other types of all, about 38 percent of the families of marine animals were lost, withpercentages much higher in some groups Ammonoid mollusks went from being verydiverse and abundant to being extinct. An extremely abundant set of planktonicmarine animals called foraminifera largely disappeared, although they reboundedlater. Among plants, the K-T boundary saw a sharp but brief rise in theabundance of primitive vascular plants such as ferns, club mosses, horsetails,and conifers and other gymnosperms. The number of flowering plants (angiosperms)was reduced at this time, but they then began to increase dramatically.
【3】What caused these changes? For many years scientists assumed that acooling of the climate was responsible, with dinosaurs being particularlyvulnerable because, like modern reptiles, they were ectothermic (dependent onenvironmental heat, or cold-blooded). It is now widely believed that at leastsome species of dinosaurs had a metabolic rate high enough for them to beendotherms (animals that maintain a relatively consistent body temperature bygenerating heat internally). Nevertheless, climatic explanations for the K-Textinction are not really challenged by the ideas that dinosaurs may have beenendothermic, because even endotherms can be affected by a significant change inthe climate.
【4】Explanations for the K-T extinction were revolutionized in 1980 when agroup of physical scientists led by Luis Alvarez proposed that 65 million yearsago Earth was stuck by a 10-kilometer-wide meteorite traveling at 90,000kilometers per hour. They believed that this impact generated a thick cloud ofdust that enveloped Earth, shutting out much of the incoming solar radiation andreducing plant photosynthesis to very low levels. Short-term effects might haveincluded huge tidal waves and extensive fires. In other words, a series ofevents arising from a single cataclysmic event caused the massive ially, the meteorite theory was based on a single line of evidence. Atlocations around the globe, geologists had found an unusually high concentrationof iridium in the layer of sedimentary rocks that was formed about 65 millionyears ago. Iridium is an element that is usually uncommon near Earth’s surface,but it is abundant in some meteorites. Therefore, Alvarez and his colleaguesconcludedthat it was likely that the iridium in sedimentary rocks deposited atthe K-T boundary had originated in a giant meteorite or asteroid. Most scientistcame to accept the meteorite theory after evidence came to light that a circularformation, 180 kilometers in diameter in diameter and centered on the northcoast of the Yucatan Peninsula, was created by a meteorite impact about 65million years ago.
託福閱讀TPO33第3篇題目:滅絕事件
託福閱讀試題
word "proliferation" in the passage (paragraph 1) is closest inmeaning to
ine.
nction.
ease.
ation.
graph 1 supports which of the following statements about life onEarth before the Cambrian period?
iversity levels were steady, as indicated by the fossil record.
ls of biodiversity could not be tracked.
most dramatic extinction episode occurred.
microscopic species existed.
h of the sentences below best expresses the essential information inthe highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning inimportant ways or leave out essential information.
dominance of dinosaurs came to an end 65 million years ago, at whichtime mammals began to flourish and diversify.
use no group of species can remain dominant forever, mammals becamethe dominant group when dinosaurs became extinct.
r being the dominant group for more than 200 million years, the ageof dinosaurs came to a dramatic end 65 million years ago.
diverse group of mammals that we know today, including bats andwhales, evolved from small terrestrial forms that had been dominated bydinosaurs.
rding to paragraph 2, why are dinosaurs popularly said to have "ruledEarth" during the Cretaceous period?
saurs were the only species of reptile that existed during the wholeof the Cretaceous period.
saurs won the battle for food resources over mammals during theCretaceous period.
saurs survived extinction during the Cretaceous period, whereas manyother animal species did not.
saurs were the physically and ecologically dominant animals duringthe Cretaceous period.
rding to paragraph 2, which of the following species initiallyincreased in number at the K-T boundary?
saurs.
minifera.
s.
noid mollusks.
does the author note that "even endotherms can be affected by asignificant change in the climate"(paragraph 3)?
argue that there was a significant climate at the time thatendothermic dinosaurs became extinct.
argue that climate change caused some dinosaurs to evolve asendotherms.
support the view that at least some of the dinosaurs that becameextinct were endotherms.
defend climate change as possible explanation for the extinction ofdinosaurs.
word "generated"(paragraph 4) in the passage is closest in meaningto
ected.
uced.
ad.
d.
word "extensive"(paragraph 4) in the passage is closest in meaningto
spread.
en.
rous.
equent.
rding to paragraph 4, all of the following contributed to the massiveextinctions of the K-T period EXCEPT:
l waves.
s.
fficient solar radiation.
ium.
rding to paragraph 4, which of the following statements explains theimportance of the discovery of high levels of iridium rocks?
provided evidence that overexposure to solar radiation led to the K-Textinction.
showed that more than one cataclysmic event was responsible for theK-T extinction.
suggested that the cause of the K-T extinction may have been ameteorite striking Earth.
provided evidence that the K-T extinction occurred 65 million yearsago.
rding to paragraph 4, which of the following is true about theYucatan Peninsula?
circular formation there was caused by a meteorite impact 65 millionyears ago.
mentary rocks from that area have the lowest iridium concentration ofany rocks on Earth.
e is evidence that a huge tidal wave occurred there 65 million yearsago.
ence found there challenged the meteorite impact theory.
h of the following can be inferred from paragraph 4 about themeteorite theory?
data originally presented as evidence for the theory were eventuallyrejected.
scientists did not accept it when it was first proposed.
has not been widely accepted as an explanation for the K-Textinction.
rez subsequently revised it after a circular formation was found inthe Yucatan Peninsula.
13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentencecould be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit? This focusedon the chemical composition of ancient rocks.
Explanations for the K-T extinction were revolutionized in 1980 when agroup of physical scientists led by Luis Alvarez proposed that 65 million yearsago Earth was stuck by a 10-kilometer-wide meteorite traveling at 90,000kilometers per hour. They believed that this impact generated a thick cloud ofdust that enveloped Earth, shutting out much of the incoming solar radiation andreducing plant photosynthesis to very low levels. Short-term effects might haveincluded huge tidal waves and extensive fires. In other words, a series ofevents arising from a single cataclysmic event caused the massive extinctions.■【A】Initially, the meteorite theory was based on a single line of evidence.■【B】At locations around the globe, geologists had found an unusually highconcentration of iridium in the layer of sedimentary rocks that was formed about65 million years ago. ■【C】Iridium is an element that is usually uncommon nearEarth's surface, but it is abundant in some meteorites. ■【D】Therefore, Alvarezand his colleagues concluded that it was likely that the iridium in sedimentaryrocks deposited at the K-T boundary had originated in a giant meteorite orasteroid. Most scientist came to accept the meteorite theory after evidence cameto light that a circular formation, 180 kilometers in diameter in diameter andcentered on the north coast of the Yucatan Peninsula, was created by a meteoriteimpact about 65 million years ago.
14. Prose Summary
The K-T extinction 65 million years ago is the best known of the five majorextinction episodes since the Cambrian period.
ectively, the five major extinction episodes resulted in theelimination of a larger number of species than did all the minor extinctionevents.
K-T extinction eliminated the dinosaurs and ammonoid mollusks but wasfollowed by the diversification of mammals and gymnospermous plants.
extreme cooling of the climate could not have caused the K-Textinction of dinosaurs, because, while most dinosaurs depended on environmentalheat, some did not.
K-T extinction of the dinosaurs is the only mass extinction that hasbeen explained by the impact of a meteorite.
1980 Luis Alvarez proposed that the K-T extinction was caused byecological disasters brought about by the impact of a meteorite strikingEarth.
F.A high concentration of iridium in sedimentary rocks at the K-T boundaryand a large impact crater in the Yucatan Peninsula from 65 million years agostrongly support Alvarez' hypothesis.
託福閱讀TPO33第3篇參考答案:滅絕事件
iferation，繁殖，激增，對應C。
2.推斷題：定位句It was not until the Cambrian period, beginning about 600 millionyears ago, that a great proliferation of macroscopic species occurred on Earthand produced a fossil record that allows us to track the rise and fall ofbiodiversity.主要意思是直到寒武紀才能夠監測生物多樣性。言外之意就是在寒武紀之前就不能監測生物多樣性，對應B選項。
3.解析句子簡化題：該長句其實是2個長句的並列;主要分成2個意思：第一是沒有任何一種生物能永遠地統治，第二是恐龍滅亡之後，哺乳動物開始發展統治，且兩層意思之間可以構成因果關係。所以只有B選項滿足所有條件。
4.解析細節題：定位句Starting about 280 million years ago, reptiles were the dominantlarge animals in terrestrial environments. In popular language this was the era"when dinosaurs ruled Earth," when a wide variety of reptile species occupyingmany ecological niches.對應D選項。
5.解析細節題：定位句Paleontologists label this point in Earth's history as the endof the Cretaceous period and the beginning of the Tertiary period，oftenabbreviated as the K-T boundary. This time was also marked by changes in manyother types of organisms. Overall, about 38 percent of the families of marineanimals were lost, with percentages much higher in some groups
Ammonoid mollusks went from being very diverse and abundant to beingextinct.題幹中的範圍限定initially，因此只可能是Ammonoid mollusk.選D。
6.解析修辭目的題：題幹中的even甚至，表示程度的遞進。定位句Nevertheless, climatic explanations for theL-T extinction are not really challenged by the ideas that dinosaurs may havebeen endothermic。即後半句的原因解釋了氣候理論爲什麼不被反駁。
rate，產生，選B。
nsive，廣泛的，選A。
9.解析否定細節題：定位句 Short-term effects might have included huge tidal waves andextensive fires. In other words, a series of events arising from a singlecataclysmic event caused the massive extinctions.對應A選項，B選項。定位句 They believedthat its impact generated a thick cloud of dust that enveloped Earth, shuttingout much of the incoming solar radiation and reducing plant photosynthesis tovery lowlevels.意思是這種衝擊產生了大量的厚塵雲，遮蔽了天空和陽光。對應C選項。而D選項，iridium是有關滅絕的證據，但並非構成滅絕的原因。
10.解析細節題：定位句Initially, the meteorite theory was based on a single line ofevidence. At locations around the globe, geologists have found an unusually highconcentration of iridium in the layer of sedimentary rocks that was formed about65 million years ago.意思是說小行星撞擊理論一開始主要的證據就 是在地球的岩石中發現了大量的iridium(銥)。因此其重要性就是說明該撞擊理論是物種大滅絕的原因。
11.解析細節題：定位句Most scientists came to accept the meteorite theory afterevidence came to light that a circular formation, 180 kilometers in diameter andcentered on the north coast of the Yucatan Peninsula, was created by a meteoriteimpact about 65 million years ago.意思是說在Yucatan Peninsula背岸的大坑是隕石撞擊的結果。對應A選項。
12.解析推斷題：定位句 Initially, the meteorite theory was based on a single line ofevidence. 一開始僅依賴於單一證據的理論，暗示了證據還不夠充分。定位句 Most scientists came to accept themeteorite theory after evidence came to light that a circular formation，180kilometers in diameter and centered on the north coast of the Yucatan Peninsula,was created by a meteorite impact about 65 million yearsago.在環形坑證據出現之後大多數的科學家纔開始接受小 行星撞擊理論，就是說一開始大多數科學家對該理論是持有懷疑態度的。即答案就是B。
13.解析句子插入題：給出的句子中出現了this的指代提示，表示前面的內容可能 與石頭的化學組成無關，而該句的下一句應該與化學組成有關。因此只有第二個方框滿足條件。在第二個方框之後纔出現了對於iridium的討論。
K-T extinction eliminated the dinosaurs and ammonoid mollusks butwas followed by the diversification of mammals and gymnospermousplants.正確。對應第二段段落大意，沒有永生的統治者，恐龍之後現在是哺乳動物和植物的天下。
In 1980 Luis Alvarez proposed that the K-T extinction was caused byecological disasters brought about by the impact of a meteorite strikingEarth.正確。對應第四段主旨：小行星撞擊地球假說。
A high concentration of iridium in sedimentary rocks at the K-T boundaryand a large impact crater in the Yucatan Peninsula from 65 million years agostrongly support Alvarez, hypothesis.正確。對應第四段解釋小行星撞擊地球假說的重要證據。一個證據是Iridium在地球岩石中的大量出現，另一個證據是巨大環形坑的發現。
