你的身材是"蘋果"還是"梨"? 基因說了算
牛津大學研究人員發現，女性身材是“蘋果型”還是“梨子型”是由她們體內的遺傳因素決定。
Whether a woman is an "apple" or a "pear" is determined by a range of genetic factors, found researchers at Oxford University and the Medical Research Council(MRC) Epidemiology Unit in Cambridge.
牛津大學和劍橋醫學研究委員會（MRC）流行病學小組研究人員發現，女性身材是“蘋果型”還是“梨子型”是由她們體內的遺傳因素決定。
The researchers made their findings after studying the DNA of almost 250,000 people.
研究人員對近25萬人的DNA進行研究，然後得出研究結果。
They have identified 13 new sets of genes associated with a propensity to store fat either around one's abdomen or one's hips and thighs.
他們發現13組新的基因，這些基因容易將人體內脂肪堆積在腹部、臀部或者大腿部位。
The genes lead to differences in body shape in both sexes, but seven of them led to a greater expression of either shape in women than in men.
這些基因都會導致男性和女性的身材變形，但是其中7組基因對導致女性身材走形的影響遠遠大於對男性的影響。
The researchers said the discovery held out the hope of drugs that could alter fat distribution to the safer option - potentially turning "apples" at high risk of disease into "pears".
研究者表示，研究發現有望發明新的藥物來改變人體內脂肪堆積，藥物將人體由“蘋果型”身材改變成“梨子型”身材，以形成健康的體型。
In a second search of the same data they found 18 sets of genes associated with obesity, increasing the number of genes associated with a high BMI （body mass index）to 32. People with many of these 32 genes weighed 15.4lb to 19.8lb (7 to 9kg) more than those with few of them.
研究者基於相同的數據做出第二個研究發現18組與肥胖有關的基因。這些基因將與體質指數有關的基因數增加到32. 人體內帶有這32組基因的人們的體重要比體內很少帶有這些基因的人們的體重重15.4磅到19.8磅（7至9千克）。
Dr Cecilia Lindgren of the Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics at Oxford University, was involved in both papers, published in the journal Nature Genetics.
牛津大學人類遺傳學威康信託中心瑟琳娜?林格倫教授發表了兩篇研究，刊登在《自然遺傳學》期刊上。
The genes lead to differences in body shape in both sexes, but seven of them led to a greater expression of either shape in women than in men.
這些基因都會導致男性和女性的身材變形，但是其中7組基因對導致女性身材走形的影響遠遠大於對男性的影響。
The researchers said the discovery held out the hope of drugs that could alter fat distribution to the safer option - potentially turning "apples" at high risk of disease into "pears".
研究者表示，研究發現有望發明新的藥物來改變人體內脂肪堆積，藥物將人體由“蘋果型”身材改變成“梨子型”身材，以形成健康的體型。
In a second search of the same data they found 18 sets of genes associated with obesity, increasing the number of genes associated with a high BMI （body mass index）to 32. People with many of these 32 genes weighed 15.4lb to 19.8lb (7 to 9kg) more than those with few of them.
研究者基於相同的數據做出第二個研究發現18組與肥胖有關的基因。這些基因將與體質指數有關的基因數增加到32. 人體內帶有這32組基因的人們的體重要比體內很少帶有這些基因的人們的體重重15.4磅到19.8磅（7至9千克）。
Dr Cecilia Lindgren of the Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics at Oxford University, was involved in both papers, published in the journal Nature Genetics.
牛津大學人類遺傳學威康信託中心瑟琳娜?林格倫教授發表了兩篇研究，刊登在《自然遺傳學》期刊上。
She said: "Understanding biology through finding genes is just a first step in a long journey towards treatment, but it is a vital one. As efforts to tackle obesity through changes in lifestyle or by different treatment options have proved extremely challenging, the potential to alter patterns of fat distribution may offer an alternative for future drug discovery."
她說：“通過尋找基因變異來了解生物學，只不過是漫長治療的第一步，但也是至關重要的一步。通過改變生活方式或者治療方案的選擇來解決肥胖問題已經被證明極具挑戰性，所以通過潛在改變人體內脂肪分佈模式發明藥物將替代未來減肥方式。
However, they have a long way to go before mapping all the genetic reasons for such differences in body shape and mass.
然而，要發現導致人體身材和體質指數變化的所有基因還有很長一段路要走。
The 13 gene sets associated with "apples and pears" only account for about one percent of the variety in waist-to-hip ratios among the population. The 32 known "obesity genes" only account for 1.45 percent of the variation in BMI.
在所有人口中，決定“蘋果型和梨形身材”的13組基因在人們腰圍和臀圍比例中只佔百分之一。而32組“肥胖基因”在人體體質指數變化中只佔1.45%的比例。
