365天英語口語大全之交際口語(MP3+中英文本) 第62期:學習
1.慣用口語句子：
Nowadays the students' burdens are too heavy.
如今學生的負擔太重了。
They have to do a lot of reading.
他們不得不讀很多書。
Their homework piles up high.
他們的作業堆得可高了。
burden n. 負擔，擔子
Being illiterate in this world just won't do.
現在這個世界沒有文化可不行。
It won't do without knowledge in this society.
現在這個社會沒有知識可不行。
It's hard to find a good job not being well-educated.
若沒受過良好的教育，想找好工作就難了。
I believe study is the only way out.
我認爲學習是惟一的出路。
illiterate a. 沒有文化的
well-educated a. 受過良好的教育的
Study is really a pain in the neck.
學習真是件讓人頭痛的事。
a pain in the neck“令人討厭、頭疼、煩惱的人或事”
I specialize in English literature.
= I major in English literature.
= My major is English literature.
我現在主修英國文學。
specialize v. 專攻，專門從事
major v. 主修 n. （大學中的）主修科目
Are you busy with your study this term?
你這學期學習忙嗎？
Do you have a tight schedule this term?
你這學期課程安排緊嗎？
schedule n. 時間表，課程表
“be busy with”意思是“忙於”，後面一般接名詞。
How many compulsory courses do you have?
= How many required courses do you have?
你有幾門必修課？
compulsory a. 必修的
required a. （美）必修的
I think you're overloaded.
我想你已經超負荷了。
I'm afraid your course load is a little too heavy.
恐怕你的課程負擔太重了。
I think you'd better carry a little load in the first term.
我認爲你最好在第一學期課程負擔輕一些。
overload v. 使超載，使負荷過多
load n. 負擔，負荷
David failed the math exam.
大衛的數學考試沒有及格。
I passed the English test this time.
這次我英語測驗通過了。
fail v. 不及格
pass v. （考試等）及格，通過
I'm up to my ears in study.
我的學習可忙了。
up to one's ears/elbows/eyes”熱衷於，埋頭於”
I usually review for the test at the last minute.
我通常在最後關頭才複習備考。
review v. 複習功課，溫習功課
at the last minute“在最後一刻”
I need to cram for tomorrow's test.
我得爲應付明天的測驗而臨時抱佛腳了。
cram v. 倉促準備，做臨時應急準備
2.實用對話
On Studying談論學習
Pool: You seem to be doing all right, Meng.
波爾：孟，你看上去進展不錯。
Meng: I am, but l still have to do a lot of reading.
孟：是的，不過我得讀很多書。
Pool: There's a lot of reading. but I think that's pretty normal for postgraduate work. I imagine a big part of the problem is that it's all in your second language.
波爾：閱讀量是很大，不過我覺得這對研究生的功課來說是正常的。我想你的問題大部分在於你得用外語來閱讀。
Meng: I suppose I'll just have to leam to read faster.
孟：看來我得想辦法提高閱讀速度了。
Pool: How about the seminars? Can you follow the discussions?
波爾：那討論課怎麼樣啊？你能理解大家的討論嗎？
Meng: Well. I can usually follow what the others say, but I'm not used to being in a seminar and I never know what to say.
孟：嗯，一般別人的發言我都能聽懂，不過我不太習慣參加討論課，我不知道該說什麼。
Pool: Don't be shy, speak out. Seminars are very important in postgraduate work. As I see it, most of the benefit of the seminars comes from the exchange of ideas.
波爾：不要害羞嘛，大膽地說出來。討論課在研究生的功課中是很重要的。在我看來，討論課最大的好處來自於思想的交流。
Meng: Yes. I'm beginning to agree with you. I've gained some very valuable insights from the others in my class.
孟：對，我開始同意你的看法了。我從班上其他人那裏長了不少有用的見識呢。
Pool: But you should share your insights with us. I'm sure you have a lot to offer, just as the others do.
波爾：但你也應該讓大家分享一下你的見解呀。我敢肯定你和別人一樣，也有很多好的見解要講呢。
3.詳細解說
1.“be/get used to”意爲“習慣於”，“to”的後面要接名詞或動詞ing形式。
2.“speak out”的意思是“大膽地說出來”，常用於“speak out about/against”的結構，例如：Five students who had spoken out against the regime were arrested.（大膽聲討這個政權的五名學生被捕了。）注意，“speak up”表示“大點兒聲”，例如：Could you speak up，please?（您能大點兒聲嗎？）另外，“speak up”還可表示“說了點兒什麼，發言（尤其是發表自己的觀點）”，例知：There was a brief silence, then George spoke up.（一陣短暫的沉默後喬治發了言。）“speak up for sb.”表示“發言支持某人，爲某人辯護”，例如：He is willing to speak up for the women.（他願意爲婦女辯護。）
4.文化洗禮
美國大學的獎學金種類
從嚴格意義上講，海外學生有資格申請的所謂的美國大學“獎學金”應稱爲“經濟資助”。其主要包括以下5類：
1.助學金(FELLOWSHIP)：金額最高、競爭最激烈的非服務性獎學金，一般是指全獎；
2.獎學金(SCHOLARSHIP)：這是一種榮譽性的獎勵，頒發給成績優異的學生，但金額較少；
3.學費減免(TUITION-WAIVER)：金額較少；
4.助研金 (RESEARCH ASSISTANTSHIP AND TEACHING ASSISTANTSHIP)：多針對研究生以上級別，屬於工資類型；
5.校內打工(ON-CAMPUS JOB)：美國移民局規定，國際學生可在校內每週工作20小時，假期可工作40小時，每小時不得低於5美金，因此學生1年中可掙到4000至6000美金或更高。工作崗位一般安排在：圖書館、計算機房、學生餐廳、辦公室、學校書店等。
